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Electrolysis tank used for aluminum electrolysis and electrolysis process using the electrolyzer

a technology of electrolysis cell and electrolysis process, which is applied in the direction of chemistry apparatus and processes, separation processes, and dispersed particle separation, etc., can solve the problems of low power consumption of aluminum electrolysis process, low electrical conductivity, and increase in alloy anode cost, etc., to achieve low power consumption in aluminum electrolysis process, low overvoltage, and high electric conductivity

Inactive Publication Date: 2015-05-07
INNER MONGOLIA UNITED IND
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present invention provides an electrolytic cell for aluminum electrolysis that has low liquidus temperature, is resistant to corrosion, and has proper electric conductivity and alumina solubility. The electrolyte used in the cell is a pure fluoride system with a low molar ratio of NaF to AlF3, which reduces volatilization loss of fluoride salt, avoids corrosion, and improves working environment. The electrodes used in the cell are made of a metal alloy containing Fe, Cu, Ni, and Sn, which are high in overvoltage, low in price, and stable in the electrolyte. The electrodes are also resistant to crusting and pitting, and the electrolyte is low in power consumption and purity of aluminum products. The electrolytic cell and electrolyte of the present invention have improved performance and lower costs compared to prior art.

Problems solved by technology

Simultaneously, the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that, an alloy anode composed of metal components in the prior art is high in overvoltage, power consumption in the aluminum electrolysis process is large and the metal components employed are high in price, resulting in cost increment of the alloy anode; in addition, an oxide film on the surface of the alloy anode in the prior art is low in oxidation resistance and liable to fall off, which leads to continuous consumption of the alloy anode and poor corrosion resistance, furthermore, the corroded or falling oxide film enters into liquid aluminum to degrade the purity of the final product aluminum; and therefore, provided is an electrolytic cell for aluminum electrolysis, which is low in overvoltage of the used inert anode material, low in price, strong in oxidation resistance and stability of the oxide film formed on the surface thereof and resistant to electrolyte corrosion.

Method used

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  • Electrolysis tank used for aluminum electrolysis and electrolysis process using the electrolyzer
  • Electrolysis tank used for aluminum electrolysis and electrolysis process using the electrolyzer

Examples

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embodiment 1

[0042]Fe, Cu, Ni and Sn metal blocks are mixed based on 23 wt % of Fe, 60 wt % of Cu, 14 wt % of Ni and 3 wt % of Sn, the mixture is molten by heating at high temperature and then subjected to casting to obtain an anode 1. The anode 1 has a density of 8.3 / cm3, a specific resistivity of 68 μΩ·cm and a melting point of 1360° C.

[0043]The components of the electrolyte in this embodiment are as follows: 32% of NaF, 57% of AlF3, 3% of LiF, 4% of KF and 4% of Al2O3, wherein the molar ratio of NaF to aluminum fluoride AlF3 is 1.12. The liquidus temperature of the electrolyte in this embodiment is 640° C. according to measurement. The electrolyte has an electric conductivity of about 1.7 Ω1·cm−1, a density of about 2.03 g / cm3 and an alumina saturation concentration of 5%.

[0044]The process using the electrolyte in the present invention for aluminum electrolysis is as follows:

(1) by means of the anode 1 and the carbon body cathode, melting the aforementioned amounts of NaF, AlF3, LiF, KF and A...

embodiment 2

[0046]Fe, Cu, Ni and Sn metal blocks are mixed based on 40 wt % of Fe, 36 wt % of Cu, 19 wt % of Ni and 5 wt % of Sn, the mixture is molten by heating at high temperature and then subjected to casting to obtain an anode 2. The anode has a density of 8.1 / cm3, a specific resistivity of 76.8 μΩ·cm and a melting point of 1386° C.

[0047]The components of the electrolyte in this embodiment are as follows: 38% of NaF, 50% of AlF3, 2% of LiF, 5% of KF and 5% of Al2O3, wherein the molar ratio of NaF to aluminum fluoride AlF3 is 1.52.

[0048]The performances of the electrolyte in this embodiment are measured and the measurement result is that the liquidus temperature of the electrolyte in this embodiment is 670° C. The electrolyte has an electric conductivity of about 1.8 Ω−1·cm−1, a density of about 2.05 g / cm3 and an alumina saturation concentration of 6%.

[0049]The process using the electrolyte in the present invention for aluminum electrolysis is as follows:

(1) by means of the anode 2 and the ...

embodiment 3

[0051]Fe, Cu, Ni and Sn metal blocks are mixed based on 25 wt % of Fe, 46.8 wt % of Cu, 28 wt % of Ni and 0.2 wt % of Sn, the mixture is molten by heating at high temperature and then subjected to casting to obtain an anode 3. The anode has a density of 8.2 / cm3, a specific resistivity of 72 μΩ·cm and a melting point of 1350° C.

[0052]The components of the electrolyte in this embodiment are as follows: 32% of NaF, 57% of AlF3, 3% of LiF, 4% of KF and 4% of Al2O3, wherein the molar ratio of NaF to aluminum fluoride AlF3 is 1.12.

[0053]The performances of the electrolyte in this embodiment are measured and the measurement result is that the liquidus temperature of the electrolyte in this embodiment is 640° C. The electrolyte has an electric conductivity of about 1.6 Ω−1·cm−1, a density of about 2.03 g / cm3 and an alumina saturation concentration of 5%.

[0054]The process using the electrolyte in the present invention for aluminum electrolysis is as follows:

(1) by means of the anode 3 and th...

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Abstract

An electrolytic cell for aluminum electrolysis includes a cell body, in which an anode and a cathode are arranged inside the cell body, the cell body is filled with an electrolyte, and at least a part of the anode is immersed in the electrolyte; the anode is arranged above the cell body, the cathode is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell and is covered by aluminum liquid, the electrolyte is located between the anode and the cathode and covers the aluminum liquid; and an insulating layer is arranged on the inner sidewall of the cell body for isolating oxygen or the electrolyte from a carbon block. The anode contains Fe and Cu as primary components; and the electrolyte is composed of 30-38 wt % of NaF, 49-60 wt % of AlF3, 1-5 wt % of LiF, 1-6 wt % of KF and 3-6 wt % of Al2O3, and the molar ratio of NaF to AlF3 is 1.0-1.52.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention relates to an electrolytic cell for aluminum electrolysis and an electrolysis process using the electrolytic cell, belonging to non-ferrous metal smelting industry.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]In aluminum electrolysis industry, a traditional Hall-Heroult molten salt aluminum electrolysis process is typically adopted to perform electrolysis on the molten salts of cryolite-alumina in a prebaked carbon anode electrolytic cell typically by adopting, that is, cryolite Na3AlF6 fluoride salt melt is taken as flux, Al2O3 is dissolved in the fluoride salt, a carbon body is taken as an anode and vertically inserted into the electrolytic cell, a carbon body with aluminum liquid covering the bottom of the electrolytic cell is taken as a cathode, electrochemical reaction is carried out on the anode and cathode of the electrolytic cell at a high temperature ranging from 940 to 960° C. after a strong direct current is introduced, and the result...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C25C3/08C25C3/18C25C3/12
CPCC25C3/08C25C3/18C25C3/12
Inventor SUN, SONGTAOFANG, YULIN
Owner INNER MONGOLIA UNITED IND
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