Method for removing bacteria from blood using high flow rate

a high-flow rate, bacteria technology, applied in other blood circulation devices, other chemical processes, medical devices, etc., can solve the problems of bacterial infection, septic shock, bacteremia quickly, etc., to shorten the duration of bacteremia and quick reduce the load of bacteria

Inactive Publication Date: 2017-02-09
EXTHERA MEDICAL
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0006]The present invention provides methods that can quickly reduce bacterial load, and shorten the duration of bacteremia even without first identifying the type of bacteria present in the blood.

Problems solved by technology

Bloodstream infection, or bacteremia, is a major challenge in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
Bacteremia can quickly lead to septic shock, meningitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis and other metastatic complications.
It was also found that a high blood concentration of N. meningitides is correlated with prolonged hospitalization, limb or tissue loss, the need for dialysis, and patient mortality.
Compounding the difficulty of effective bacteremia treatment is the often delayed administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy.
For each hour of delay in treatment the mortality risk increases over 7%.
This is a major challenge as some of the more effective antibiotics available today are quite toxic.
Drug-resistant pathogens are a growing threat to the healthcare system.
Resistance of CREs to even the strongest available antibiotics leaves clinicians with few treatment options.

Method used

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  • Method for removing bacteria from blood using high flow rate
  • Method for removing bacteria from blood using high flow rate
  • Method for removing bacteria from blood using high flow rate

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

Removal of Bacteria with Low or Undetectable Affinity for Heparan Sulfate

[0104]This example illustrates the use of heparin coated beads to remove bacterial pathogens with low affinity or undetectable affinity for heparan sulfate from whole blood.

[0105]It has been reported in the literature that over 50 different pathogens target heparan sulfate proteoglycans found on syndecans as an initial attachment site during their pathogenesis. Surprisingly, surface bound heparin can function as a surrogate to heparan sulfate binding organisms.

[0106]Our studies have shown that heparinized adsorption media can remove high concentration of S. aureus and MRSA from whole blood. Also, the study showed that the bacteria attached to the heparinized surface were not killed, and thus did not release potential inflammatory toxins and their byproducts into the blood. Thus, the heparin-bound media can be used in an extracorporeal device to effectively and safely remove circulating bacteria including drug-r...

example 2

Adsorption Media with a Hydrophilic Surface

[0126]This example shows the adsorption media comprising a hydrophilic surface which can be used to removed bacteria from whole blood or serum.

[0127]The adsorption media described herein contains a surface topography that enables its binding to pathogens, such as those with no affinity or low affinity to heparin (FIG. 1A). Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that a rough, uneven or ungulating surface may contribute to the affinity of the bacteria to the adsorption media.

[0128]FIG. 1B shows an image of a human blood smear for comparison. FIG. 2 shows a size comparison of bacteria, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydia, and viruses, e.g., pox virus, herpes virus, influenza virus, and picornavirus (polio).

example 3

Blood Filters for Use in High Linear Flow Rate Extracorporeal Therapies

[0129]This example provides an exemplary design of an extracorporeal filter cartridge that is used to accommodate high linear flow rates.

[0130]An extracorporeal blood filter can be designed to operate safely at specific flow rates used with common pump systems. If the pressure drop across a blood filter is too high, hemolysis can occur. Typically, dialysis systems operate with pressures below 34 kPa to avoid the risk of hemolysis.

[0131]For a cartridge filled with packed adsorbent media, the pressure drop across the cartridge depends on the flow rate, particle size, particle modulus, height of the packed media, and viscosity of blood. If a filter media is not sufficiently rigid, then compression of the media can occur with increased blood flow resulting in a reduced porosity that can lead to unsafe pressures.

[0132]The first variable to determine is the minimum particle size allowable for specific column heights an...

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Abstract

The present invention provides methods for removing a significant amount of bacteria (e.g., gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, including bacteria with no or low affinity for heparan sulfate) from whole blood, serum or plasma using an adsorption media. The method can be used in extracorporeal treatments involving high volumetric flow rates and high linear flow rates.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]The present application is a continuation of PCT / US2015 / 026340, filed Apr. 17, 2015, which application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 984,013, filed Apr. 24, 2014, the teachings of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]Bloodstream infection, or bacteremia, is a major challenge in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Bacteremia can quickly lead to septic shock, meningitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis and other metastatic complications. Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriacea are the most common bacteria responsible for bacteremia and nosocomial infections. Severity of outcome for bacteremic patients is correlated to both the bacterial load and duration of bacteremia. For example, a quantitative RT-PCR study of E. coli and S. aureus bacteremia patients showed that when the number of rDNA increased to over 1,238 copies / ml, mor...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61M1/36B01J20/28B01J20/26
CPCA61M1/3679B01J20/28023B01J20/28016B01J20/26B01J20/3204B01J20/321B01J20/3212B01J20/3274B01J20/3293B01J2220/62B01J20/28004A61M1/3486A61M1/3692A61M2202/0057A61M2202/0413A61M2202/203
Inventor MCCREA, KEITHWARD, ROBERT
Owner EXTHERA MEDICAL
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