The invention discloses a satellite-borne resource allocation method and device, computer equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of satellite communication. The satellite-borne resource allocation method is used in a satellite of a satellite Internet of Things system, the satellite Internet of Things system comprises the satellite and a plurality of pieces of user equipment UE, for each piece of UE, caching parameters of a caching queue corresponding to the UE in a current time slot are obtained, and the caching parameters are used for indicating the size of cachingdata in the caching queue in the current time slot; a channel state parameter of the UE in the current time slot are acquired; and for each UE, the transmission power of the UE in the current time slot is calculated according to the cache parameter and the channel state parameter. Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention breaks through the traditional scheme of only dependingon channel state allocation resources, jointly considers the cache state and the channel state allocation power, and avoids cache overflow. Meanwhile, the single-time-slot power peak and long-term mean power constraints are considered, so that the serviceable channel state range is expanded, the interruption is reduced, and the throughput is improved.