The invention discloses a bentonite reticular gel foam mud fire prevention and extinguishing agent, and the key point of the technical scheme is that the fire prevention and extinguishing agent is composed of a bentonite composite type flame-retardant foaming agent, an attapulgite clay powder with an air purifying function, inorganic fiber spraying cotton, a sodium-modified bentonite powder, a coal gangue powder, an expanded perlite powder, sodium alginate and water. The ingredients of the bentonite reticular gel foam mud fire prevention and extinguishing agent are inputted into a plow harrow type material mixing machine and are subjected to high speed mixing into the bentonite reticular gel foam mud fire prevention and extinguishing agent. Reticular gel foam mud is jetted to a burning coal layer by an inorganic fiber spraying machine, so as to be beneficial for generation of an integral reticular gel foam mud film in the fire prevention and extinguishing process, the integral reticular gel foam mud film covers and adheres to the surface of the ore layer all the time, contact of the burning coal layer with air is rapidly isolated, coal mines are prevented from continuing to burn, the coal layer is avoided from reburning, and the purposes of flame retardancy and fire prevention and extinguishing are reached; and the bentonite reticular gel foam mud fire prevention and extinguishing agent is applicable to coal mines, mine operating areas and forest fire prevention and extinguishing.