The invention discloses a desulfurization catalyst which includes following components, on the basis of the total weight of the desulfurization catalyst, by weight: 5-30% of a silicon oxide source, 5-30% of aluminum oxide, 30-70% of zinc oxide, 2-15% of lead oxide, 0.5-10% of an alkali metal oxide, 1-20% of a molecular sieve having a BEA structure and / or a molecular sieve having an FAU structure, and 5-30% of an active metal. At least partial lead oxide and the zinc oxide are formed into a zinc-lead solid solution with a general formula being Pb<x>Zn<1-x>O, wherein 0<x<=0.12 and the x refers to atom molar ratio. The active metal is at least one of cobalt, nickel, iron and manganese. The invention also provides a preparation method of the desulfurization catalyst and a hydrocarbon oil desulfurizing method. The desulfurization catalyst is better in desulfurization activity and activity stability.