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Nanowire supported catalysts for fuel cell electrodes

A supported catalyst and fuel cell technology, which is applied to fuel cell parts, fuel cells, battery electrodes, etc., can solve the problems that catalyst particles cannot effectively provide three-phase interface reaction sites and reduce the utilization rate of platinum materials.

Active Publication Date: 2009-12-02
GM GLOBAL TECH OPERATIONS LLC +1
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Trapped catalyst particles cannot effectively provide the necessary three-phase interface reaction sites in the electrode and significantly reduce the utilization of this expensive platinum material

Method used

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  • Nanowire supported catalysts for fuel cell electrodes
  • Nanowire supported catalysts for fuel cell electrodes
  • Nanowire supported catalysts for fuel cell electrodes

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0055] Example 1: SnO as an electrode 2 Nanowire-carbon paper composites:

[0056] This example demonstrates that nanowires can be grown directly on carbon paper and platinum particles, for example, can then be selectively deposited on the nanowires to improve platinum utilization by ensuring an electron path from the platinum particles to the supporting electrode in a PEM fuel cell. Rate. As described above in SnO 2 Platinum deposition on nanowires. But of practical importance is the demonstration that the nanowire-carbon paper composite is in fact an electrode, ie the nanowires are in electrical contact with the carbon fibers of the carbon paper.

[0057] by a standard three-electrode electrochemical cell at 0.5M K 2 SO 4 5mM K in 3 Fe(CN) 6 Cyclic Voltammetry Characterization of SnO in Aqueous Solution 2 Electrical contact between nanowires and carbon fibers of carbon paper. Working electrode is carbon paper or SnO 2 nanowire electrodes. An Ag / AgCl (3M KCl) elect...

Embodiment 2

[0058] Example 2: Characterization of deposited Pt nanoparticles by cyclic voltammetry:

[0059] 1. SnO loaded with Pt nanoparticles prepared by electrochemical method 2 nanowire catalyst

[0060] show electrodeposition on SnO 2 Pt nanoparticles on nanowires in Ar-saturated 0.5M H at room temperature 2 SO 4 Cyclic voltammogram data for the electrocatalytic properties in aqueous solution are presented in Figure 6A middle. The cyclic voltammetric performance is reproducible and representative of hydrogen absorption and desorption. A reduction peak centered at 0.5 V can be observed during the negative potential sweep ( Figure 6A ). This reduction peak can be attributed to the reduction of platinum oxide. This feature of the curve is consistent with the cyclic voltammogram of the Pt electrode. Therefore, it can also be concluded that platinum nanoparticles have extremely clean active surfaces. This result suggests that the thus deposited Pt nanoparticles exhibit higher...

Embodiment 3

[0068] Example 3: Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Solution

[0069] 1. Nanowire catalysts loaded with Pt nanoparticles prepared by electrochemical method:

[0070] Oxygen reduction reactions are especially important for achieving high-efficiency fuel cells, batteries, and many other electrode applications. Pt and Pt-based alloy particles on various carbon supports are the most widely used and efficient catalysts for fuel cell electrodes. For SnO using supported Pt nanoparticles 2 Oxygen reduction experiment of nanowire catalyst, 0.5M H 2 SO 4 The solution was purged with ultrapure oxygen for 30 minutes. The solution becomes fully oxygen saturated. at 50mVs -1 The scan rate scans the electrode over a potential range of 0.8 V to 0.2 V. Figure 7 is shown for comparison of SnO 2 Voltammetric data for the oxygen reduction reaction current of the nanowires (curve A). Curve B shows the SnO 2 Voltammetry data for nanowire-supported Pt nanop...

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Abstract

The invention relates to nanowire supported catalysts for fuel cell electrodes. Metal oxide nanowires and carbon-coated metal nanowires are effective as supports for particles of an expensive catalyst material, such as platinum metal group catalyst. Such supported catalysts are useful when included in an electrode on, for example, a proton exchange membrane in a hydrogen / oxygen fuel cell. For example, tin oxide nanowires are formed on carbon fibers of carbon paper and platinum nanoparticles are deposited on the tin oxide nanowires. The nanowires provide good surfaces for effective utilization of the platinum material.

Description

technical field [0001] The present disclosure relates to catalyst support materials for fuel cell electrodes. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to the use of certain metal oxide nanowires and carbon-coated metal nanowires as supports for catalysts, such as platinum nanoparticles. Background of the invention [0002] Fuel cells are electrochemical devices developed for mobile and stationary power generation. Each fuel cell typically comprises a stack of multiple individual electrochemical cells of similar construction electrically connected to provide the power requirements of the device. [0003] One exemplary fuel cell design uses a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membrane or proton exchange membrane (PEM) to provide ion transport between the anode and cathode in each electrochemical cell of a multi-cell fuel cell configuration. Currently, prior art PEM fuel cells employ a combination of one or more perfluorinated ionomers such as DuPont's produced film....

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M8/02H01M4/92
CPCH01M4/926Y02E60/50H01M4/92H01M4/925H01M2008/1095H01M4/8825H01M4/8882H01M4/667Y02E60/10
Inventor X·孙M·S·萨哈R·李M·蔡
Owner GM GLOBAL TECH OPERATIONS LLC
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