Garbage plasma gasification furnace taking vapor as gasification medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a garbage plasma gasification furnace taking vapor as a gasification medium. The garbage plasma gasification furnace comprises an upper garbage gasification room and a low high-temperature vapor generating room, wherein water-cooling furnace arches which are arranged at intervals are arranged between the garbage gasification room and the vapor generating room; the garbage gasification room is separated from the high-temperature vapor generating room by virtue of the water-cooling furnace arches; two plasma torches are arranged along the peripheral direction of the inner wall of the high-temperature vapor generating room; low-temperature vapor is taken as a working gas of the plasma torches. According to the garbage plasma gasification furnace disclosed by the invention, the vapor plasmas are adopted to gasify the garbage, so that a high-temperature and high-energy environment is provided for the gasification reaction, and thus, the material heating rate is high and the reaction rate is high, the treatment efficiency is very high and some reactions which cannot be performed under the common gasification condition further can be generated.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to gasification treatment equipment for urban garbage, in particular to a garbage plasma gasification furnace using water vapor as a gasification medium. Background technique [0002] At present, the harmless treatment facilities of municipal solid waste in my country are mainly sanitary landfill, supplemented by composting and incineration. Landfill is recognized as the last choice for waste disposal because it takes up a lot of space and pollutes groundwater. However, the development of composting is still limited due to its high cost, low fertilizer efficiency, poor product marketability, and potential safety hazards. Incineration treatment can achieve comprehensive treatment of waste reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization to a certain extent, and has obvious advantages in environmental protection and resource utilization, so it has developed rapidly in China. However, direct incineration leads to excessive smoke an...

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Problems solved by technology

[0004] However, most of the existing garbage plasma gasification furnaces use plasma torches to directly gasify garbage at high temperatures, and generate plasma up to 7000°C through arc discharge, so that the garbage can be completely pyrolyzed, such as Carter’s US Patent US005280757A And Camacho's U.S. Patent US005634414A, the arc plasma is the only heat source, does not use the calorific value of the garbage itself, the energy consumption is high, and the power consumption rate of the plasma torch can reach 30%-45% of its power generation capacity, resulting in the operation The cost is greatly increased, coupled with the limited power of the plasma torch, it is difficult to scale up for commercial application

In addition, because only electric energy is input and the waste is directly gasified by the plasma jet, the temperature field and flow field in the gasification furnace are very uneven, so that the waste cannot be completely treated at high temperature, so that the waste residue contains harmful substances such as dioxins. Bringing greater challenges to waste disposal

[0005] At the same time, the gasification agent used in garbage gasification is usually air, oxygen-enriched or water vapor. When air is used as the gasification agent, the N2 content in the synthesis gas will be high due to the presence of a large amount of N2 components that do not react. h 2 The / CO ratio decreases, and the calorific value of the synthesis gas is low and unstable, which is difficult to meet the subsequent industrial utilization; when oxygen-enriched gasification agent is used, although the N2 content in the synthesis gas can be reduced and the quality of the synthesis gas can be improved, it is necessary to install The bulky and energy-intensive air separation device will increase the cost of the entire gasification equipment; while the conventional steam gasification requires a key equipment, the steam generator, because the reaction between the coke in the waste and the water vapor requires a higher Therefore, the gasification effect is ideal only when the temperature of water vapor reaches above 700°C, which puts forward higher requirements for the performance of the steam generator.

Under normal circumstances, because water vapor gasification is difficult to reach a higher temperature, the gas yield is low and the gasification effect is poor. At present, it has been rarely used in industry and is mainly used for laboratory research.

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