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Zinc electrode material, and preparation and application thereof

A zinc electrode and zinc core technology, applied in the electrodes, battery electrodes, circuits, etc. of primary batteries, can solve the problems of electrode deformation, easy generation of dendrites, uneven current distribution, etc., to reduce the impact and improve the cycle stability. Effect

Active Publication Date: 2017-06-23
DALIAN INST OF CHEM PHYSICS CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Zinc oxide has a certain solubility in alkaline electrolyte. Even in saturated conditions, the zinc oxide produced by the electrode can partially dissolve in the electrolyte to form a supersaturated solution, but zinc oxide cannot be precipitated in situ, so the activity occurs. The movement of substances leads to electrode deformation, which affects the cycle life of zinc electrodes
On the other hand, due to the uneven distribution of active materials and uneven current distribution during charging, the zinc electrode is prone to generate dendrites, which will cause a short circuit threat and reduce the cycle life of the zinc electrode.
[0006] The density of zinc oxide, the oxidation product of zinc, is smaller than that of zinc. Therefore, during the charge and discharge process, the volume of the charge and discharge product changes, resulting in electrode deformation and structural damage, which affects the cycle stability of the zinc electrode.

Method used

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  • Zinc electrode material, and preparation and application thereof
  • Zinc electrode material, and preparation and application thereof
  • Zinc electrode material, and preparation and application thereof

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0027] Embodiment 1: configuration contains 0.01mol / L CuSO4 and 0.05mol / L H2SO4Aqueous solution, add 50mL above-mentioned reaction solution in beaker, add 0.5g zinc powder (average diameter 5 μ m) under vigorous stirring, filter after reacting for 5 minutes, The zinc electrode material was obtained by washing and drying, the thickness of the copper metal shell was 1.35 μm, the diameter of the zinc core was about 600 nm, and the diameter of the entire core-shell structure zinc electrode material was 4.7 μm.

Embodiment 2

[0028] Embodiment 2: configure and contain 0.01mol / L AgNO3 and 0.1mol / L HNO3Aqueous solution, add 50mL above-mentioned reaction solution in beaker, add 0.5g zinc powder (average diameter 5 μm) under vigorous stirring, filter after reacting for 5 minutes, The zinc electrode material was obtained by washing and drying, the thickness of the silver metal shell was 1.25 μm, the diameter of the zinc core was about 600 nm, and the diameter of the entire core-shell structure zinc electrode material was 4.5 μm.

Embodiment 3

[0029] Embodiment 3: configure the ethanol solution containing 0.01mol / L SnCl and 0.1mol / L HCl, add 50mL of the above reaction solution in a beaker, add 0.5g of zinc powder (average diameter 5 μm) under vigorous stirring, and filter after reacting for 5 minutes , washing, and drying to obtain a zinc electrode material, the thickness of the tin metal shell is 1.5 μm, the diameter of the zinc core is about 600 nm, and the diameter of the entire core-shell structure zinc electrode material is 5 μm. image 3 It is the XRF spectrum of the filtrate after the reaction.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a zinc electrode material, which is a micro-nano particle with a core-shell structure microscopically. The micro-nano particle with the core-shell structure adopts zinc as a core and second metal as a shell; the second metal shell covers the outer part of the zinc core, and a gap is formed between the zinc core and the second metal shell. The electrode material is obtained through replacement reaction of zinc powder in a soluble acid solution of second metal salt, the replaced metal in-situ grows to form a layer of second metal shell on the surface of a zinc particle, and when the metal shell completely covers the surface of the zinc particle, the replacement reaction is stopped, and the thickness of the metal layer cannot be increased further. According to the metal shell with appropriate thickness, on one hand, the dissolution of zinc oxide in an electrolyte solution is effectively reduced, and the dendrite growth is suppressed, on the other hand, the influence of the metal shell on the electrode performance is reduced. Acid in reaction liquid further corrodes zinc, so that a gap is formed in the zinc electrode material and can hold the deformation of the electrode material. Therefore, the cycling stability of the zinc electrode material can be greatly improved compared with zinc powder.

Description

[0001] Technical field: [0002] The invention relates to a zinc electrode material, its preparation method and application. [0003] Background technique: [0004] Due to the rich resource and low price of metal zinc, zinc is used as the electrode in many battery systems, such as zinc / air battery, zinc / nickel battery, zinc / silver battery, etc. However, the cycle life of zinc electrodes greatly limits the commercial application of zinc-based batteries. [0005] The poor cycle life of the zinc electrode comes from the solubility, dendrite formation and volume change of the zinc electrode product ZnO in the alkaline electrolyte. Zinc oxide has a certain solubility in alkaline electrolyte. Even in saturated conditions, the zinc oxide produced by the electrode can partially dissolve in the electrolyte to form a supersaturated solution, but zinc oxide cannot be precipitated in situ, so the activity occurs. The movement of substances leads to electrode deformation, which affects th...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/42H01M6/06H01M4/06
CPCH01M4/06H01M4/42H01M6/06
Inventor 孙公权燕召王二东
Owner DALIAN INST OF CHEM PHYSICS CHINESE ACAD OF SCI