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Microplastic high efficiency separation device and method

A separation device and separation method technology, applied in the direction of plastic recycling, mechanical material recycling, recycling technology, etc., can solve the problems of low separation efficiency, non-uniform size and poor separation effect of microplastics, so as to reduce manpower, material resources and time consumption, increase the frequency of collisions, and the effect of simple operations

Active Publication Date: 2019-07-09
HOHAI UNIV
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  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0005] Second, the separation effect is poor
Since the size and type of microplastics in the sample are not unique, the prepared separation salt solution may not be able to separate all the microplastics in the sediment, and some microplastics are strongly combined with the sediment and have a mass greater than The plastic itself is also difficult to float in the salt solution, and the separation efficiency of microplastics is low
[0006] Third, it takes a long time
If the separation is only done by standing still and settling by gravity, when the amount of separated samples is too large or the separation effect is poor and multiple separations are required, it will take a long time
[0007] The above methods ignore density differences due to differences in the size and type of microplastics in sludge, and the separation of microplastics that are more tightly bound to sediment particles

Method used

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  • Microplastic high efficiency separation device and method

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0038] Example 1: Determination of the optimum elution flow rate for microplastics of different sizes by a high-efficiency separation device for microplastics

[0039] Sample preparation: This measurement uses plastic particles mixed with polyethylene and polypropylene with a size of 0-5mm and a certain amount of sediment, and divides the plastic particles into 0-0.2mm, 0.2-0.3mm, 0.3- The five ranges of 0.6mm, 0.6-1mm, and 1-5mm are measured separately.

[0040] Determination of the optimal flow rate: select a size range, mix a known amount of polyethylene and polypropylene mixed plastics (both of which have a density less than water) and a certain amount of sand in this range, and put them into the elution column. Use 5mol / L NaCl salt solution as the eluent, respectively 0.5L / min, 1L / min, 2L / min, 3L / min, 4L / min, 5L / min, 6L / min, 7L / min, 8L / min Min, 9L / min, 10L / min flow rate gradients for elution, calculate the recovery rate of microplastics at different flow rates, and find ...

Embodiment 2

[0049] Example 2: Comparison of elution recovery rates of different types of microplastics in eluents of different densities

[0050] Sample preparation: this determination uses a density less than 1g / cm 3 Microplastic particles mixed with polyethylene and polypropylene, density greater than 1.2g / cm 3 Polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride mixed microplastic particles and a certain amount of sediment, the size of the above four microplastic particles are all 3mm.

[0051] Determination of the recovery rate of different types of microplastics in eluents of different densities: a known quantity of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, and polyvinyl chloride mixed microplastics with a size of 3 mm was uniformly mixed with a certain amount of sediment and placed in the Into the elution column, respectively use a density of 1.2g / cm 3 NaCl salt solution and a density of 1.6 g / cm 3 The NaI salt solution was used as the eluent, and the optimal elution flow rate 9.0L / min correspon...

Embodiment 3

[0053] Example 3: Separation of microplastics in river sediments

[0054] Source and pretreatment of sediment samples: The samples used in this experiment were taken from the sediment of the upper reaches of the Qinhuai River. Take a certain amount of river bottom mud with a mud collector, pass the mud samples through mesh screens with apertures of 5mm, 1mm, 0.6mm, 0.3mm, and 0.2mm in turn, and divide the samples into 0-0.2mm, 0.2-0.3mm according to size , 0.3-0.6mm, 0.6-1mm, 1-5mm five size ranges.

[0055] Elution and separation of microplastics: first replace the stainless steel mesh sieve 2 with a suitable pore size, and use the 37μm stainless steel mesh sieve 2 for this elution. Put the inlet into the elution column, then close the No. 2 valve 9 on the side of the shunt pipe, open the No. 3 valve 13 and the water pump 15 at the lower end of the shunt pipe, and the No. 1 valve 2 at the outlet of the microplastic, and connect the mains connected to the water pump. The wat...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a microplastic high efficiency separation device and method. The separation device can increase the collision frequency of microplastic particles with impurities through the disturbance of water flow, so that microplastics and the impurities are separated well; the eluting flow rate can be adjusted according to the size of the target separation microplastics, the separationefficiency can reach the maximum, and the consumption of manpower, material resources and time can be reduced; and the density of eluent can be changed according to the sample type, and the separation of the microplastics with a certain particle size can be realized. The separation method can elute and separate for each type of microplastics with different sizes correspondingly by adjusting the eluting flow rate and eluent density, and the separation efficiency reaches best. The method identifies the microplastics by dyeing and counts the microplastics, and simple and easy operation is achieved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a high-efficiency separation device and method for microplastics. Background technique [0002] Microplastics are a type of plastic pollutants with a size smaller than 5 mm, and are currently one of the most concerned pollutants. The most common types of microplastic pollution are polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyurethane, etc., among which fibers with polyurethane as the main component account for the largest proportion. The difference between microplastics and general plastic pollution lies in their small size and large specific surface area, which can absorb more pollutants. [0003] Microplastics in sediments are difficult to completely separate. The commonly used method is density separation. This method takes advantage of the low density of plastics and separates microplastics by adding a relatively dense saline solution to t...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): B29B17/02
CPCB29B17/02B29B2017/0224B29B2017/0244B29B2017/0289Y02W30/52Y02W30/62
Inventor 牛丽华李源源李轶张弛赵瑞琪郭运通
Owner HOHAI UNIV
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