The invention discloses an alternating electric field fine dust electrocoagulation explosion suppression device and method. The device mainly comprises a shell, high-voltage plates, grounding plates,prickles on the high-voltage plates and the grounding plates, insulating plates, middle plates and a high-voltage AC power supply. The high-voltage plates are connected to the high-voltage AC power supply, the grounding plates are connected to the ground, the high-voltage plates and the grounding plates are alternately distributed with intervals, the plates are equipped with the prickles, the middle plates comprise the high-voltage plates, the grounding plates, the insulating plates between the high-voltage plates and the grounding plates, guiding plates before and behind the middle plates, and a high-pressure ventilation pipe at the ends of the middle plates, and the middle plates are provided with round through holes distributed in a rectangular array. According to the invention, throughfine dust in an electrocoagulation gas-solid double-phase air flow, the particle size of dust can be effectively increased, the explosion is suppressed or the explosion intensity is reduced, the structure is simple, the flow resistance is small, and the improvement of the dust removal and collection efficiency of a subsequent dust collecting device is facilitated at the same time.