Planting and fertilizing method for reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency of purple soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting and fertilizing method for reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency of purple soil. The method includes the steps of (1) a planting system, wherein wheat or lettuce is planted as the dry season crop, and corn and a leguminous crop are intercropped as the rainy season crops or a leguminous crop is planted as the rainy season crop; (2) dry season crop fertilization measures, wherein chemical fertilizers of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in combination with biochar are applied; (3) rainy season crop fertilization measures, wherein chemical fertilizers of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium ( (K) in combination with biochar, a nitrification inhibitor and straw are applied. According to the method, in the dry season, the combined application of biochar is a better measure to improve the utilization rate of the crop and reduce the loss of a nitrogen fertilizer; the main way of nitrogen fertilizer loss in the rainy season is runoff,by adding the nitrification inhibitor and biochar and returning the straw to the field, the runoff loss ratio is reduced, the soil residue ratio and the crop utilization rate are increased, and a better fertilization method is provided for the purple soil in the rainy season; by planting the leguminous crop, the application amount of nitrogen can be reduced, and the loss of the nitrogen fertilizer in the rainy season can be effectively reduced.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and relates to a method for planting and fertilizing purple soil to reduce nitrogen and increase efficiency. Background technique [0002] The purple soil area is the most important agricultural area in Sichuan and even the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The Sichuan Basin alone covers an area of ​​160,000 km 2 . Over the past 30 years, agriculture in this area has achieved great development, but it relies too much on nitrogen-based chemical fertilizers. According to the survey conducted by Yanting Purple Soil National Agricultural Ecological Experiment Station, the average nitrogen fertilizer consumption in this area is up to 330kgN / hm in a single season. 2 , The nitrogen use efficiency is only 26.3% (wheat) and 18.7% (corn). High application of nitrogen fertilizer leads to unbalanced nitrogen balance in farmland soil, and the purple soil dry slope soil layer is shallow (30-60cm), l...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

High application of nitrogen fertilizer leads to unbalanced nitrogen balance in farmland soil, and the purple soil dry slope soil layer is shallow (30-60cm), loose texture, large porosity, high soil hydraulic conductivity and low water holding capacity, and the underlying impermeability Parent material-parent rock layer, this kind of soil profile structure is very easy to make rainwater full and infiltrate to form soil midflow. The soil porosity is high and soil midflow is extremely developed. The main source of non-point source pollutants in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which threatens the water environment security of the Yangtze River Basin, and even has a negative impact on the water supply in the north; soil nitrogen is in the process of soil nitrification-denitrification N 2 A large amount of O escapes, increasing the amount of greenhouse gases; at the same time, due to the high loss of nitrogen through ammonia volatilization in calcareous soils, purple soil (mostly calcareous) can cause a large amount of nitrogen to enter the atmosphere through ammonia volatilization, and wet deposition is the main The form reaches the surface, causing soil acidification, water eutrophication and other problems

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