High-specific-performance thermal battery

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-specific-performance thermal battery and a thermal parameter design method thereof. the high-specific-performance thermal battery of which the specific energy can reach130 Wh / kg or above and of which the pulse specific power reaches 2.5 kW / kg or above in a working voltage range is provided for the first time. The high-specific-performance thermal battery is composedof a shell 1, a neural network thermal insulation layer 2, an insulating layer 3 and a mixed electrode layer 4 from outside to inside; meanwhile, aiming at the working mode of the high-specific-performance thermal battery, a thermal parameter design mode based on a critical heat exchange integral equation is provided.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of heat batteries, in particular to a heat battery with high specific performance. Background technique [0002] A thermal battery is a primary battery that uses a high-temperature molten salt as an electrolyte. Only when the heat provided by the internal heating material induces the internal temperature to reach the melting point of the molten salt, the battery can be activated. When the temperature reaches above the melting point (typically 500°C), the electrolyte changes from a non-conductive solid to a liquid with high ionic conductivity. This special feature gives thermal batteries a long shelf life (typically up to 20 years), resulting in excellent mechanical strength and reliability. In addition, thermal batteries have high power output characteristics that Li-ion batteries cannot match. In view of the above facts, thermal batteries are mainly used in military applications, such as missiles, rockets, and nucl...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] The specific energy of conventional thermal batteries is low. One is that the actual output specific capacity is lower than the theoretical specific capacity due to the self-discharge of existing positive electrode materials in a high-temperature environment. The second is that the thermal insulation design of thermal batteries usually relies solely on thermal insulation materials to forcibly prevent runaway. Dissipate, and these accumulated heat will cause thermal decomposition of the positive electrode material in the early stage of work

The third is that conventional heating materials will generate a thermal shock exceeding 1000 °C at the moment of activation (refer to the literature Mater. Lett. 2019, 249, 81-83), which will further cause thermal decomposition of positive and negative active materials

[0010] The above-mentioned patents or applications are phased research results obtained by the researchers in the research process of the problem of low specific energy of thermal batteries, but they only stay in the positive and negative materials, heating materials, electrolyte materials, and phase change materials of thermal batteries. The research on a single and specific part, such as a single, specific part, did not conduct systematic research on the entire thermal battery system, and did not fully consider the interaction between the thermal battery shell, insulation layer, and electrode layer, and the impact of this relationship on thermal battery performance. In the existing technology, we have found that there is no technology that can take into account high specific capacity, high safety, high power pulse, slow down the accumulation heat and activate the instantaneous excessive thermal shock and self-discharge under long-term work The problem is too high, so it is very important to improve the overall performance of high specific performance thermal batteries

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