Lithium-sulfur and sodium-sulfur battery cathodes
A sulfur battery and cathode technology, which is applied in the direction of lithium batteries, battery electrodes, non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrodes, etc., and can solve problems such as hindering commercialization
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Embodiment 1
[0081] Embodiment 1: the synthesis of UiO-66 (MOD)
[0082] Following a modified procedure, UiO-66-MOD MOFs were synthesized with different modulators (MODs) to incorporate defects. See G. Shearer et al., Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 7190-7193 and G. C. Shearer et al., Chem. Mater., 2016, 28, 3749-3761. In a typical synthesis, 1.70 g of ZrCl 4 (7.3mmol) and 1.23g of H 2 BDC (7.4 mmol) was added to a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 200 mL of DMF. Controlled amounts of the modifiers trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and benzoic acid (benz) were added for the formation of UiO-66(12TFA), UiO-66(36TFA) and UiO-66(50Benz), and were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry to analyze their defect concentrations, where the results are reported in Table 1 below. For each mixture, the mixture was stirred at 50°C for 5 minutes until all reagents were dissolved. Once dissolved, add 0.40 mL of HO 2 0, and the flask was capped and placed into a preheated oven set at 80 °C for 1 hour. The ove...
Embodiment 2
[0087] Embodiment 2: the synthesis of Li-UiO-66 (MOD)
[0088] By adding 82mg of LiNO 3 (70 mmol) was dissolved in 10.5 mL of DMF to prepare a lithium incorporation solution. Once dissolved, 6.3 mL of triethylamine (TEA, 45 mmol) was added to the solution as a base for deprotonation. This solution was then added to a 20 mL scintillation vial containing approximately 150 mg of HCl-activated UiO-66(MOD), followed by shaking to mix. The mixture is allowed to react (eg, at room temperature or in an oven set at 60°C or 80°C for 24 hours). After 24 hours, the solution was decanted and replaced with 20 mL of acetone. The solids were collected by centrifugation, washed with 20 mL of acetone, and allowed to soak overnight in fresh acetone solution. The solid was washed four more times with acetone, and after one additional wash the solid was soaked in acetone overnight. After the acetone wash, the solvent was switched to DCM, and the above washing process was repeated. After the ...
Embodiment 3
[0094] Example 3: Evaluation of MOF Defective Site Concentration
[0095] The defect site concentration plays a role in lithium storage capacity. Because the increased number of defect sites leads to more acidic protons, the most defective samples will readily undergo H + / Li + exchange, and has a higher lithium content. Based on experimental evidence, it has been shown that the lithium content in Li-UiO-66(noMod), Li-UiO-66(12TFA) and Li-UiO-66(50Benz) increases with the defect concentration, as shown by Li and Zr Quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS, Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 100 system and Perkin Elmer Intesitron hollow cathode lamp). as in Figure 12 As depicted in , an increased amount of defect sites leads to a larger number of acidic protons, and the most defective UiO-66 (50 Benz) has the largest lithium incorporation, which also translates into the highest Li atoms per SBU, As shown in Table 2 below. When no base or a weaker base (pyridine) was used in ...
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