Ion adsorption type rare earth ore mining and environmental governance integrated method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ion adsorption type rare earth ore mining and environmental governance integrated method which comprises the following steps: an underground water level control technology: in combination with a hydrological cycle process of a mining area, forming liquid injection holes for injecting a leaching agent in a rare earth ore body distribution section, and forming liquid extraction holes for extracting rare earth leaching liquid in an underground water collection area; a rare earth mining technology from bottom to top: punching the liquid injection holes to penetrate through the ore body, leaching the middle lower part of the rare earth ore body, and then leaching the upper part of the ore body; a mining area elution technology: injecting eluent through the liquid injection holes, conducting circular elution on the residual leaching agent in underground water, and recycling low-grade rare earth; and a monitoring technology: after the elution technology is completed, reserving and converting part of the liquid extraction holes into long-term monitoring holes for environment monitoring so that the local environment can be monitored for a long time. According to the ion adsorption type rare earth ore mining and environmental governance integrated method, rare earth ore mining and ecological environmental governance are integrated into a unified technology system, mining and environmental governance can be completed at the same time, and the phenomenon that governance is conducted after pollution occurs is avoided.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the fields of mine mining, mine geological environment treatment and mine ecological restoration, and in particular to an integrated method for ion-adsorption rare earth mine mining and environmental treatment. Background technique [0002] Rare earths are widely used in high-tech fields such as aerospace, military, national defense, and new material synthesis, and the resources are relatively scarce, known as the industrial "vitamin". More than 90% of the heavy rare earths used in industrial applications in the world come from ion-adsorption rare earth ores, which are important strategic performance mineral resources in China. The ion-adsorption rare earth ores in the south are unique minerals in my country. [0003] At present, the widely used mining technology for ion-adsorption rare earth mines is in-situ leaching with ammonium sulfate-based leaching agent, which can easily cause serious damage to surface vegetation, soil e...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] At present, the widely used mining technology for ion-adsorption rare earth mines is in-situ leaching with ammonium sulfate-based leaching agent, which can easily cause serious damage to surface vegetation, soil erosion, soil pollution, landslides, and channel blockage. As well as sudden environmental pollution incidents and other issues, the situation of "pollution first and then governance" has been formed, which not only seriously affects the life and health of the public and the local ecological environment, but also causes a huge financial burden on the local government

[0004] At present, the environmental pollution problems existing in the rare earth in-situ leaching process include: (1) Leakage of rare earth leaching solution: Under the action of natural seepage, the flow direction and groundwater level of the rare earth leaching solution cannot be controlled. Leakage pollutes the growth layer of plants, and even seeps out of the ground to pollute surface plants, surface water, and soil; (2) The rare earth leaching cycle is long: the flow rate of the leachate is low, and the soaking time is usually three months or even more than half a year, and the soil is saturated for a long time state, the water content is greatly increased, and the shear strength of the soil ( C value) is greatly reduced, and it is easy to form mountain collapses, landslides, and damage vegetation, thereby causing soil erosion, polluting surface water and farmland; (3) There are many blind areas in mining: rare earth ore bodies under gentle terrain are difficult to leach through natural seepage Extracting rare earths has a low recovery rate, resulting in a waste of resources; (4) Environmental governance is difficult and costly: due to the separation of mining and environmental governance processes, the leaching of rare earths causes environmental pollution at the same time, which virtually increases the difficulty and cost of environmental governance , and the success rate of governance is not high

[0005] Moreover, in the in-situ leaching method to extract rare earths, the mine only bears the cost of the mining process. According to the principle of "whoever mines, who governs", the cost of environmental governance should be borne by the mine. However, due to the huge follow-up governance costs, the mine is not profitable. map, leading to difficulties in advancing the follow-up governance work

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