Aluminum alloy powder material for aviation additive manufacturing, preparation method and 3D printing method

Abstract

The invention provides aluminum alloy powder for aviation additive manufacturing, a preparing method and a 3D printing method. The aluminum alloy powder comprises 4.0 wt%-6.0 wt% of Mg, 0.7 wt%-0.9 wt% of Sc, 0.3 wt%-0.5 wt% of Zr, 0.4 wt%-0.5 wt% of Mn, 0.1 wt%-0.2 wt% of Si, 0.02 wt%-0.1 wt% of Cu, 0.05 wt%-0.15 wt% of Ti, smaller than 0.1 wt% of Zn or smaller than 0.1 wt% of Fe and the balance Al. By doping elements with different components, the material has very high strength and toughness, the material characteristics of the aluminum alloy can be compensated, the high reflectivity of the aluminum alloy powder material to laser during laser forming is reduced, meanwhile, the problem of hot cracking of the aluminum alloy powder material is solved, and he aluminum alloy powder can be used for an additive manufacturing method in the aviation field.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy powder, in particular to an aluminum alloy powder material for aviation additive manufacturing, a preparation method and a 3D printing method. Background technique [0002] As a light and high-strength material, aluminum alloy has been playing a pivotal role in various fields with its excellent specific strength. Especially in the field of aerospace, the requirements for aluminum alloys are increasing and becoming more and more stringent. In addition to the requirement of lightweight materials, there is also a demand for the flexibility and integration of component design. However, the additive manufacturing process in the current processing method, especially the additive manufacturing process of aluminum alloy, needs to meet the requirements of light weight and high strength of the material, and also needs to meet the design and molding requirements of complex parts. [0003] High-streng...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the traditional high-strength aluminum alloy material is designed for deformation processing, not for laser forming. It has a large tendency of stress cracking and cannot adapt to the 3D printing process. However, the current Al-Si alloys that can achieve 3D printing are in terms of mechanical properties. It is also difficult to assume the role of load-bearing parts, so there is an urgent need for an aluminum alloy material that can be used for additive manufacturing in the aviation field to meet the needs of laser forming performance

[0004] At present, the aluminum alloy powder materials that can be printed mainly include Al-Si materials such as AlSi10Mg, AlSi7Mg, and AlSi12. Their strength, tensile strength in the deposited state, and tensile strength in the annealed state are not high. application

[0005] Commonly used aluminum alloys such as Al-Cu-Mg series and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series alloys can meet the requirements of aviation, but cannot adapt to additive manufacturing molding, such as Al-Cu-Mg series, Al-Zn-Mg -Cu-based alloy materials cannot adapt to the additive manufacturing process due to the composition

[0006] The main reason is that the aluminum alloy material has a high laser reflectivity, combined with the complex composition, the volatilization of low melting point components and the tearing of the matrix during the solidification of some components, resulting in severe cracking of the material after printing and the inability to form stably. Preparation makes a big impact

The existing improvement cases are not only difficult to prepare, but the design of some components violates the material design guidelines and restricts each other, which not only causes a waste of resources, but also restricts the applicability of materials

When a large amount of alloying elements are added to the material, it is easy to produce composition segregation, resulting in serious anisotropy of the material and uneven structure, which seriously affects the application of the material.

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