Spinal ligament modification devices

Abstract

A method for treating stenosis in a spine comprises percutaneously accessing the epidural space in a stenotic region of interest, compressing the thecal sac in the region of interest to form a safety zonem, inserting a tissue removal tool into tissue in the working zone, using the tool to percutaneously reduce the stenosis; and utilizing imaging to visualize the position of the tool during at least a part of the reduction step. A tissue excision system for performing percutaneous surgery, comprises a cannula comprising a tissue-penetrating member having a distal end defining an aperture on one side thereof, an occluding member slidably received on or in the cannula and closing the aperture when the occluding member is adjacent the cannula distal end, means for engaging adjacent tissue via the aperture, and cutting means for resecting a section of the engaged tissue.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 60 / 592,099 filed Jul. 29, 2004, and entitled “Device for Percutaneous Treatment of Spinal Stenosis,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates to a minimally invasive method, device and system for treating spinal disorders using imaging guidance. This invention also relates to devices used to reduce stenosis and increase the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal and to devices used to treat excess fat within the spinal canal or epidural lipomatosis. This invention also relates to methods, devices, therapies and medications used to treat disorders that involve the epidural space. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] The spine comprises a stack of vertebrae with an intervertebral disc between adjacent vertebrae. As shown in FIG. 1, each vertebra 10 includes a vertebral body 12 that supports a ...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0013] The present invention provides a method, device and system for treating spinal stenosis or other spinal disorders using image guidance in combination with percutaneous techniques. The present system is referred to as a minimally invasive ligament decompression (MILD) device. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a means for compressing the thecal sac within the epidural space so as to provide a safety zone in which further surgical procedures may be performed without risk of damaging nearby tissues or the thecal sac itself.

[0014] In further embodiments, the present method comprises the steps of a) percutaneously accessing the epidural space in a region of interest with image guidance; b) at least partially compressing the thecal sac in the region of interest by injecting a fluid into the epidural space to form a safety zone; c) percutaneously accessing a working zone in at least one of the ligamentum flavum and overlying dorsal tissues with image guidance, where the safety zone lies between the working zone and thecal sac; d) inserting a tissue removal tool into the working zone; e) using the tool remove tissue so as to reduce the stenosis; and f) utilizing at least one imaging system to identify tissues for removal. By way of example, radiologic imaging may be used to safely guide the tool(s) to target tissues and visualize the position of the tool during at least part of the process.

[0015] In preferred embodiments, the device provides an anchored pathway to the working zone so that excised tissue can be shuttled out of the area for successive extractions without time consuming repositioning of the tool(s). In other embodiments, the tool can be repositioned as often as is necessary to achieve the desired modifications. In still other embodiments, the present invention includes percutaneous methods for placing a retractable anchor in the ligamentum flavum and attaching it to the fascia or bone so as to retract the ligamentum flavum, thus expanding the spinal canal. In still other embodiments, the invention includes a percutaneous mechanical suture system and method for placing a stitch in the ligament and then anchoring the stitch so as to retract the ligamentum flavum. The laminotomy site can serve as a site for a bone anchor and / or flange for a suture to anchor the ligament.

[0025] In yet further other embodiments, a method for preventing leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from an opening in a thecal sac in a spine may comprise accessing the epidural space in the vicinity of the opening and inserting a volume of fluid into the epidural space, where the fluid thickens as it attains body temperature such that the fluid blocks the opening in the thecal sac.

Problems solved by technology

The excessive epidural fat compresses the dural sac, nerve roots and blood vessels contained therein and resulting in back and leg pain and weakness and numbness of the legs.

These conservative treatment options frequently fail.

Also, because these spine stabilizing back muscles and ligaments are stripped and cut off, the spine these patients frequently develop spinal instability post-operatively.

Percutaneous discectomy devices with fluoroscopic guidance have been used successfully to treat disorders of the disc but not to treat spinal stenosis or the ligamentum flavum directly.

These devices and techniques are limited by the small size of the canal and these operations are difficult to perform and master.

Also these procedures are painful and often require general anesthesia.

The arthroscopy procedures are time consuming and the fiber optic systems are expensive to purchase and maintain.

In addition, because the nerves of the spine pass through the core of the spine directly in front of the ligamentum flavum, any surgery, regardless of whether is open or percutaneous includes a risk of damage to those nerves.

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