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Method for vaccination of poultry by bacteriophage lysate bacterin

a technology of lysate and bacteriophage, which is applied in the field of poultry vaccination by lysate bacterin, can solve the problems of increased animal morbidity, significant disease in poultry flocks, and high probability of contamination, and achieve the effect of improving immunogenic composition

Inactive Publication Date: 2009-12-03
INTRALYTIX
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The phage lysate bacterin effectively induces an immune response, significantly reducing Salmonella contamination in poultry, as demonstrated by reduced incidence of Salmonella in treated birds compared to controls, both at hatch and market age, providing a more effective means of protecting poultry from bacterial colonization.

Problems solved by technology

In addition to human disease, microbial contamination of animals that are very susceptible to microbial pathogens often leads to disease and increased animal morbidity.
In commercial animal growing operations where animals may be crowded in facilities where other animals have been previously raised, the likelihood of such contamination is often great.
Infection with Salmonella species may cause significant disease in poultry flocks.
Acute outbreaks may occur in young birds and under stress conditions with mortality rates approaching 20% in some cases and stunting of chicks of affected flocks.
To date, vaccination approaches to reduction of Salmonella colonization have achieved only partial success.
Sandhage discloses a hand operated egg injection device for injecting a few eggs at the same time, but does not disclose any method or system for handling large numbers of eggs quickly and accurately.
However, prior to the present invention the problems associated with all other methods of decreasing flock contamination have not been solved.
Examples of such problems include the use of antibiotics in feeds and the cost of environmental decontamination of poultry production facilities.

Method used

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  • Method for vaccination of poultry by bacteriophage lysate bacterin
  • Method for vaccination of poultry by bacteriophage lysate bacterin
  • Method for vaccination of poultry by bacteriophage lysate bacterin

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Preparation of Bacteriophage Lysate Bacterin

[0061]A phage lysate of three Salmonella serotypes (5 strains) is produced by independent lysis of the bacteria by six clonal bacteriophages, or monophages. Salmonella strains were obtained from a variety of environmental sources such as poultry production and processing facilities. Naturally occurring bacteriophages were isolated from various U.S. environmental sources, including waters of Chesapeake Bay and used without further modification. Each of the monophages was isolated using standard techniques of mixing serial dilutions of the putative phage source with top agar that was then plated over a lawn of Salmonella species contained in bottom agar. The plates were incubated overnight and inspected for areas of bacterial lysis, or plaques. Plaques were isolated, eluted, and re-plated serially until clonal as determined by several features including a stable restriction digest pattern, stable and homogeneous morphology by electron micros...

example 2

Injection of Chicken Eggs and Treatment of Chicks

[0068]The objective of this example was to determine the effects of injecting eggs and treating chicks in a commercial setting using a bacteriophage preparation specific for Salmonella. Salmonella species are a type of pathogenic Gram negative bacterium often found in the intestines of animals (including humans) and in the environments in which food producing animals are raised and processed (e.g., in soil, water, vegetation and on the surfaces of equipment, floors, and walls). The major pathogenic species include: S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. leidelberg, S. newport, S. hadar, S. kentuckii, andS. thomson. Salmonella can cause salmonellosis, a serious and sometimes fatal illness. For a thorough discussion of Salmonella and the risks to human health posed by the pathogen, see US FDA CFSAN, Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook, Jan. 1996 with updates (available at www.cfsan.fda.gov / ˜mow / chap1.html), the C...

example 3

Injection of Eggs

[0077]The objective of this example was to compare the levels of Salmonella reduction obtained by first intentionally contaminating eggs with Salmonella, then injecting eggs with a bacteriophage preparation specific for Salmonella to the levels obtained by spraying chicks, and to compare each group to a group treated both by injection of eggs and spraying of chicks.

[0078]Bacteriophage employed in this experiment consisted of a cocktail of five bacteriophage directed against pathogenic Salmonella species. Specifically, the preparation consists of five clonal bacteriophage targeting S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. heidelberg, S. newport, S. hadar, S. kentuckii, and S. thontson. To conduct this experiment, eggs were collected from the hatchery. 40 of these eggs were randomly collected and sampled for natural Salmonella contamination by crushing the whole egg into 50 ml buffered peptone water and assaying for Salmonella as described in Example 1 above. 440 eggs were ...

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Abstract

The invention provides methods of generating phage lysate bacterins, as well as phage lysate bacterin compositions. The invention further encompasses methods of vaccination comprising administering phage lysate bacterin to an animal in need thereof. The invention further encompasses methods of reducing infection or colonization of poultry or poultry eggs using phage bacterin lysates.Method of vaccination comprising administering to an animal in need of immunization an amount of phage lysate bacterin to induce an immune response.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0001]1. Field of the Invention[0002]The present invention is directed to the field of vaccination for treatment or prevention of bacterial disease. In particular, it is directed to a method of vaccinating poultry using bacteriophage-induced bacterial lysates.[0003]2. Description of Related ArtSalmonella in Chickens[0004]USDA estimates that in 50-75% of human salmonella cases the microorganism is acquired from meat, poultry, or eggs, with poultry serving as the primary vehicle of transmission. Salmonella are part of the normal, colonizing intestinal flora in many animals, including chickens. Studies conducted in the early 1990's by USDA indicated that 20-25% of broiler carcasses and 18% of turkey carcasses were contaminated with Salmonella prior to sale. See Food Safety and Inspection Service (1995); 9 CFR Part 308; Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Systems; Proposed Rule; 60 Fed. Reg. 6774-6889.[0005]According to the C...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K39/108A61K39/02A61K39/112C12N7/00A61K39/00A61K39/12
CPCA61K39/12C12N7/00C12N2795/10334C12N2710/16334A61K2039/552A61K2039/70A61K39/0275A61P43/00Y02A50/30
Inventor PASTERNACK, GARY R.SULAKVELIDZE, ALEXANDERBROWN, TORREY
Owner INTRALYTIX
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