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Methods and compositions for diagnosis and prognosis of renal injury and renal failure

Inactive Publication Date: 2016-05-26
ASTUTE MEDICAL
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present invention is a method to assess the function of kidneys in patients at risk of acute kidney injury. The method involves measuring the response of patient's kidneys to a loop diuretic challenge, which can identify patients with severe tubular injury before it is clinically apparent. An initial biomarker assay is performed on a body fluid sample obtained from the patient to provide an initial assessment of the risk of acute kidney injury for the patient. The biomarker result is correlated with the patient's risk of acute kidney injury to determine whether the patient needs a diuresis stress evaluation. This method helps to improve the accuracy of assessing patient at risk of acute kidney injury and allowing appropriate treatment based on the risk information provided by the biomarker result.

Problems solved by technology

As such, loss of kidney function through injury and / or disease results in substantial morbidity and mortality.
This loss of filtration capacity results in retention of nitrogenous (urea and creatinine) and non-nitrogenous waste products that are normally excreted by the kidney, a reduction in urine output, or both.
It is reported that ARF complicates about 5% of hospital admissions, 4-15% of cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries, and up to 30% of intensive care admissions.
Although serial measurement of serum creatinine over a period of days is an accepted method of detecting and diagnosing AKI and is considered one of the most important tools to evaluate AKI patients, serum creatinine is generally regarded to have several limitations in the diagnosis, assessment and monitoring of AKI patients.
Since cellular injury in AKI can occur over a period of hours, serum creatinine elevations detected at 48 hours or longer can be a late indicator of injury, and relying on serum creatinine can thus delay diagnosis of AKI.
Furthermore, serum creatinine is not a good indicator of the exact kidney status and treatment needs during the most acute phases of AKI when kidney function is changing rapidly.
Some patients with AKI will recover fully, some will need dialysis (either short term or long term) and some will have other detrimental outcomes including death, major adverse cardiac events and chronic kidney disease.
These limitations underscore the need for better methods to detect and assess AKI, particularly in the early and subclinical stages, but also in later stages when recovery and repair of the kidney can occur.

Method used

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  • Methods and compositions for diagnosis and prognosis of renal injury and renal failure
  • Methods and compositions for diagnosis and prognosis of renal injury and renal failure
  • Methods and compositions for diagnosis and prognosis of renal injury and renal failure

Examples

Experimental program
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example 1

[0110]The following study was performed on two separate cohorts of critically ill patients with either stage I or II Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria (Table A) who were given a standardized dose of furosemide and assessed their response and outcomes.

[0111]Cohort 1 (Test)

[0112]The Southern Acute Kidney Injury Network (SAKInet) was formed in 2007 to collect samples from patients who developed AKI with the goal of testing the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of previously described and novel AKI biomarkers. We identified a subset of patients from the SAKInet cohort at the George Washington University who fulfilled the study criteria.

[0113]Cohort 2 (Validation)

[0114]The protocol for cohort 2 was registered in clinicaltrials.gov. The study was carried out at the George Washington University (NCT00673244) and at the University of Chicago (NCT01275729). The respective university IRBs approved the identical protocol. Patients or their surrogates were required to sign informed c...

example 2

[0141]Patients with acute decompensated (ADHF) heart failure typically have oliguria and reduced renal blood flow (RBF). As a consequence, these patients can have concomitant AKI. In order to determine the severity of tubular damage from AKI, the FST can be used (with biomarkers of course). Patients with severe ADHF who have diminished RBF will have a poor response to an FST (not much urine output). The FST can be used specifically to assess early in the course of ADHF to assess the degree of diuretic resistance to loop diuretic. Instead of stepping up the dose of diuretic, then realizing the patient us resistant, the FST enables the use of substantial amounts of loop diuretic, and if the urine output response is very brisk, intravenous fluid replacement can be done to prevent excessive volume depletion. As an example, if a patient has a response to 600 cc per hour of UO as a response to the dose of furosemide, 400 cc / hr of intravenous fluid can be returned per hour to allow a nice ...

example 3

REFERENCES

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Abstract

It is an object of the present invention to provide a combination of a functional assessment of renal function together with biomarker results in order to improve assessment of patient at risk of or having, an acute kidney injury. A loop diuretic such as furosemide inhibits luminal active chloride transport throughout the thick ascending limb of Henle, thereby preventing sodium reabsorption and resulting in natriuresis and increased urine flow. Loop diuretic-induced increases in urine output might be a method to assess the integrity of the renal tubular function in the setting of early AKI, and so a kidney's response, or lack thereof, to a diuretic challenge as a clinical assessment of tubular function can identify patients with severe tubular injury before it is clinically apparent (e.g. a rise in creatinine).

Description

[0001]The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 831,294, filed Jun. 5, 2013, and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 862,913, filed Aug. 6, 2013, each of which is hereby incorporated in its entirety.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]The following discussion of the background of the invention is merely provided to aid the reader in understanding the invention and is not admitted to describe or constitute prior art to the present invention.[0003]The kidney is responsible for water and solute excretion from the body. Its functions include maintenance of acid-base balance, regulation of electrolyte concentrations, control of blood volume, and regulation of blood pressure. As such, loss of kidney function through injury and / or disease results in substantial morbidity and mortality. A detailed discussion of renal injuries is provided in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 17th Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, pages 1741-1830, which a...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): G01N33/68A61B5/145A61K31/341G01N33/70G01N33/493
CPCG01N33/6893G01N33/70G01N33/493A61K31/341G01N2800/52G01N2800/347G01N2800/50G01N2800/60A61B5/14546G01N2333/65G01N2333/96486Y02A50/30
Inventor CHAWLA, LAKHMIR S.MCPHERSON, PAUL
Owner ASTUTE MEDICAL
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