152 results about "Stochastic variation" patented technology

Circuits and methods for measuring and characterizing random variations in device characteristics of semiconductor integrated circuit devices, which enable circuit designers to accurately measure and characterize random variations in device characteristics (such as transistor threshold voltage) between neighboring devices resulting from random sources such as dopant fluctuations and line edge roughness, for purposes of integrated circuit design and analysis. In one aspect, a method for characterizing random variations in device mismatch (e.g., threshold voltage mismatch) between a pair of device (e.g., transistors) is performed by obtaining subthreshold DC voltage characteristic data for the device pair, and then determining a distribution in voltage threshold mismatch for the device pair directly from the corresponding subthreshold DC voltage characteristic data. The voltage threshold mismatch distributions of different device pairs of a given circuit design can then be used to determine voltage threshold variations of the constituent circuit devices. The voltage threshold variation of the devices can be used to characterize the random variations of the given circuit.

A spontaneous data communication network includes antenna/transceiver sets located in mobile (e.g., vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, ferries, etc.) or stationary units (e.g., computers, manufacturing equipment, office furniture, office equipment, road signs, overpasses, bridges, etc.). Each antenna/transceiver set directs network traffic based on optimizing a merit function or penalty function to reduce costs of congestion for stochastically changing demands and flows in a data communication system. The routers exchange values with neighboring routers. Based on the exchanged values and values local to a router, flow conditions are checked and if necessary the local values are adjusted until the flow conditions are satisfied or a time period expires. Adjustments are associated with optimizing a merit function or penalty function. Based on the adjusted values, the router adjusts parameters to be used to direct packets of the network traffic flows to other routers or other destinations within the data communication system. An aggregation scheme is used for reducing the number of values stored in a single router module.

An iterative arrangement of channel estimator (12), a Kalman filter unit (14), and a soft demodulator (16) is provided for producing an estimate of complex gain of a CDMA communications channel carrying data and pilot channels, and demodulated data of the data channel. An initial channel estimate is produced by the estimator (12) using only the low-power pilot channel. This later is improved by the iterative process using the data channel. The complex gains is represented by a sum of sinusoidal signals with different frequencies and randomly variable amplitude and phase.

A method of determining a relationship between a stochastic variation of a characteristic of an aerial image or a resist image and one or more design variables, the method including: measuring values of the characteristic from a plurality of aerial images and/or resist images for each of a plurality of sets of values of the one or more design variables; determining a value of the stochastic variation, for each of the plurality of sets of values of the one or more design variables, from a distribution of the values of the characteristic for that set of values of the one or more design variables; and determining the relationship by fitting one or more parameters from the values of the stochastic variation and the plurality of sets of values of the one or more design variables.

The present invention relates to a ture random number generator based on oscillator. It is formed from the following components: slow clock generator, quick clock generator, sample hold circuit and postprocessor. Said invention also provides the concrete action of the above-mentioned every component, and working principle of said ture random number generator and its application.

A method for predicting the failure of a data storage device having a slider heater is disclosed. For slider heaters exhibiting a decreasing resistance aging characteristic, a failure warning is produced when heater resistance suddenly increases 2 to 5%, or dR/dt changes sign from negative to positive. For slider heaters exhibiting an increasing resistance aging characteristic, a failure warning is produced when the heater resistance suddenly drops 2 to 5%, or dR/dt changes sign from positive to negative. Additionally, random changes in heater resistance exceeding nominal measurement error may also be utilized to produce a failure warning. This method provides advance warning of potential data read/write errors well before the open circuit failure of the slider heater occurs.

A method and apparatus for spectral analysis of a sampled signal are provided. According to the method, a first time interval DELTAT is determined which represents a sample set over which the signal can be averaged for purpose of decomposing the signal into instantaneous mean and random components. From random component of the signal, the optimal time-dependent time interval AW over which the random component should be averaged to obtain the instantaneous frequency spectrum (IFS) is then calculated based upon the instantaneous signal memory. Signal memory specifies the extent in time beyond which the signal "forgets" its past behavior and thus is a measure of its degree-of-randomness. Defining AW in this way reduces the likelihood that short-lived events are lost (or masked) due to uncharacteristically short (or long) averaging intervals. Importantly, both time intervals DELTAT and AW are dynamic and vary randomly with time. Because these intervals can be computed in real time, the instantaneous frequency spectrum over interval AW can also be computed in real time.

Method and means for random or systematic mismatch compensation for a memory sensing system are disclosed. A sense amplifier includes a bulk voltage source to set the bulk of the sensing transistor to be a voltage different than the voltage driving the sensing transistor. For an NMOS sensing transistor, a triple well is used with the variable bulk voltage. Differential sense amplifiers with various offset compensation are included. Intentional offset creation for useful purpose is also included.

The invention relates to a method, a device and a system for testing DDOS (distributed denial of service) attacks. The method comprises the following steps of: modifying the network subsystem and the memory management subsystem of a Linux kernel; invoking a kernel package sending engine in the modified kernel network subsystem to generate massive data packets and sending a generated data packet to a cluster to be tested; wherein the source address of the generated data packet randomly changes in a preset range, and a target address is a service address provided by a cluster to be tested; when receiving a response data packet returned by the cluster to be tested, discarding the response data packet sent by the cluster to be tested; or sending a partial request data packet to the cluster to be tested; or sending a complete request data packet to the cluster to be tested, and when receiving the request/response data packet returned by the cluster to be tested, discarding the request/response data packet. The invention realizes the DDoS attack tests based on the modified Linux kernel without special hardware for design, thereby reducing the cost of DDoS attack test products.

The invention provides a phase decoding method, a phase decoding device and a quantum secret key distribution system. The method includes splitting an incident input light pulse into a first transmission light pulse and a second transmission light pulse through polarization; performing phase decoding on the first transmission light pulse and the second transmission light pulse respectively, wherein two sub output light pulses are acquired after phase decoding of each transmission light pulse; combing any sub output light pulse of the first transmission light pulse after phase decoding with anysub output light pulse of the second transmission light pulse after phase decoding into an output light pulse through polarization. By the method, influences of random light pulse polarization statechanges on system stability can be effectively solved, and stable phase decoding of environmental disturbance immunity of transmission optical fibers is realized. An unequal-arm Mach-Zundel interference ring is adopted, and light pulses only need to pass a phase modulator once during decoding, so that insertion losses of a receiving terminal are reduced greatly, and system efficiency is improved remarkably.

A process for determining responders in clinical testing environments that involves, inter alia, detecting treatment response through the use of small numbers of measurements of randomly varying outcome variables in individual clinical trial subjects, and by analyzing the measurements in such a way as to eliminate troublesome variables, such as a spontaneous population variability.

The invention relates to a QR two-dimensional code binary image partition-based key-varying chaotic encryption method. The method comprises the following steps that: 1), a traditional logistic chaotic mapping encryption algorithm is improved in a manner that an auxiliary key is added such that a new initial value x0 can be formed; 2), an original QR-code binary image is partitioned, and the total number of sub-region images of which the pixel is 1 is calculated, and therefore, the initial values of random keys of sub-blocks are formed; and 3), the auxiliary key and the random key are combined with partition encryption technology, such that QR code binary image partition-based key-varying chaotic encryption and decryption algorithms can be realized. With the QR two-dimensional code binary image partition-based key-varying chaotic encryption method adopted, random variation of keys can be realized; key space and key paths can be expanded; the reliability and security of encryption can be enhanced; a requirement for QR code information confidentiality in storage and transmission can be satisfied; and at the same time, an encryption effect, encryption speed and cracking difficulty are further improved. The QR two-dimensional code binary image partition-based key-varying chaotic encryption method of the invention is advantageous in convenience, practicability, safety and reliability.

An optical element and a method for making the same, a master and a method for making the same, and a display apparatus, which prevents generating stripe and has a high contrast and an antiglare property. An optical element includes a substrate including protruding structures on the surface and a hard coat layer formed on the substrate. An irregular shape is formed by the structures. An irregular shape resembling the irregular shape of the substrate is formed on a surface of the hard coat layer and is smoother than the that of the substrate. The size of bottoms of the structures changes at random within the range of the minimum distance Rm to the maximum distance Rm (Rm: minimum value of the shortest distance from the center of gravity of the bottom of the structure to the rim of the bottom, RM: maximum value of the longest distance from the center of gravity of the bottom of the structure to the rim of the bottom). Neighboring structures have bottoms in contact or substantially in contact with one another. Rm and Rm satisfy Rm /RM <= 0.9.

A solution for targeting a visual function of an observer is provided. The solution presents an animation for display to an observer. The animation includes a background and at least a portion of the animation also includes one or more foreground areas, each of which is located in a portion of the background. The background and the foreground area(s) include a set of common attributes substantially continuously changing during the animation and at least one different attribute between the background and the foreground area. At least one attribute of the background changes randomly during the animation. The at least one different attribute targets the visual function.

The invention discloses a mathematical model for optimal configuration of power distribution network filtering devices. Under the condition that harmonic voltage, condenser capacity and the like meet constraint conditions, in terms of system average voltage total distortion and investment cost, a comprehensive objective function is given in a linear weighting manner, a penalty function is added to the objective function so that a constrained optimization problem is converted into a unconstrained optimization problem, and an improved simulated annealing-particle swarm optimization (namely introduction of an adaptive inertia coefficient and a memorizer) is used for solving. The model can be adapted to the random variation of a harmonic source and network parameters, can ensure that the harmonicration and average voltage total harmonic distortion of each node of the network are in the specified limits, can optimize the installation type, installation location, installation quantity, capacity parameter and the like of active filters and passive filters in a centralized manner in the whole network; and by the mathematical model, the investment cost of filtering devices in the whole network is reduced to the minimum.

The invention discloses a direction modulation method for realizing random disturbance by utilizing a unit antenna. The method comprises the step of causing distortion of constellation points in an unexpected direction to randomly vary without the noise through randomizing the emission weighting coefficients of the unit antenna. Compared with the method of modulating a signal generating fixed distortion in the unexpected direction in a phased array direction, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the difficulty in stealing information through tapping a receiver is increased, and the communication reliability is improved. In an expected direction, the method ensures the nondistortion of the modulated signal, so that the expected receiver can correctly receive demodulation information. The direction modulation method is independent of the variety of antenna arrays, and can be widely applied to various antenna arrays, such as a linear array, a circular array and a rectangular array.

The invention discloses a stochastic radiation radar coincidence imaging method applied to the field of radar imaging technology. The invention aims to solve a problem of comparatively high matrix relevance of a radiation field under an array aperture with limited bandwidth since that the radiation field formed by a prior stochastic radiation field construction method has comparatively large redundant information. According to the invention, a space stochastic field is obtained through stochastic signals of a transmission space of a transmission antenna array and the radiation field changes stochastically over time on the basis of configured transmission signal parameters; distribution of a space-time two-dimensional stochastic radiation field is obtained according to the configuration ofan antenna array, parameters of transmission signals and target distance history and echo signals are obtained according to the distribution of the stochastic radiation field by a receiving antenna; and finally, a coincidence imaging result of a target scene is obtained according to the relation between the distribution of the stochastic radiation field and the echo signals. The method provided bythe invention ensures the orthogonality of stochastic amplitude and phase of transmission signals and enhances incoherence of an echo stochastic scattered field.

The invention belongs to the data processing field and relates to an adaptive forgetting factor-based clutter image update method and apparatus. The objective of the invention is to solve problems existing in the prior art. According to the adaptive forgetting factor-based clutter image update method, a forgetting factor is determined adaptively through similar measurement degree of observation values of clutter map units relative to historical clutter estimated values, and the determination steps of the forgetting factor are provided; when a signal to clutter ratio changes randomly, the adaptively variable forgetting factor can track the change rule of the signal to clutter ratio; a false alarm rate is maintained, and the stability of a clutter map is maintained. The adaptive forgetting factor-based clutter image update method includes the following steps that: delta theta and delta rho in a two-dimensional clutter map are set, and the sizes of the azimuth and range of clutter map units are respectively integer multiples of the sizes of the azimuth and range of a radar distinguishing unit, and a two-dimensional clutter map space is divided into a plurality of clutter map units delta S; in a clutter map establishment phase, radar original video signals are adopted as input, and a unit maximization method is adopted to perform intra-pulse processing; and after clutter map establishment is completed, the clutter map is updated through adopting a unit averaging method.

The invention discloses a quantitative optimal configuration method of a wind-solar hybrid power system based on a discrete probability model. The method is characterized in that discrete probability distribution is utilized to show random variation factors in the system, and a multi-objective optimization model is established with maximum electric energy adequacy and minimum power supply system total investment and voltage out-of-limit probability being optimization objectives; then, a probabilistic load flow algorithm is subjected to partial improvement, expectation value and increment of a discrete random variable are studied separately, and through moment calculation and semi-invariant conversion, and by applying series approximation, probability distribution of the node voltage and the system electric energy adequacy is obtained, and furthermore, objective functions can be calculated more efficiently and quickly; and finally, the method adopts a parallel-acceleration non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm having an elitist strategy to solve a Pareto optimal solution set of the optimization objectives. Compared with a conventional optimal configuration method, the method can reflect the running state of the system comprehensively, and provides more complete information for policy makers.