39results about "Refining with solid alkaline material" patented technology

A reaction system and method for removing heteroatoms from oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon streams and products derived therefrom are disclosed. An oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed is reacted in a reaction system thereby forming non-ionic hydrocarbon products. The products derived therefrom are useful as transportation fuels, lubricants, refinery intermediates, or refinery feeds.

A method of upgrading a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed by removing heteroatom contaminants is disclosed. The method includes contacting the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with an oxidant to oxidize the heteroatoms, contacting the oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with caustic and a selectivity promoter, and removing the heteroatom contaminants from the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed. The oxidant may be used in the presence of a catalyst.

In some embodiments, the invention is a method of removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon feed using the steps of dissolving metallic sodium in a first solvent, combining the sodium / first solvent solution with a sulfur-free alkane or cycloalkane second solvent, vaporizing the first solvent from sodium / first solvent / second solvent combination to transfer the dissolved metallic sodium into the second solvent, and then combine the resultant liquid with a liquid hydrocarbon feed containing an organosulfur species. The resulting stream is combined with a hydrogen donor. The combination is heated and pressurized to form a liquid hydrocarbon product containing sodium sulfide. The liquid hydrocarbon product containing sodium sulfide is then cooled, and the sodium sulfide is extracted.

A method of upgrading a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed by removing heteroatom contaminants is disclosed. The method includes contacting the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with an oxidant to oxidize the heteroatoms, contacting the oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with caustic and a selectivity promoter, and removing the heteroatom contaminants from the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed. The oxidant may be used in the presence of a catalyst.

The invention is a method of removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon feed using the steps of dissolving metallic sodium in a solvent and combining the sodium / solvent solution with a liquid hydrocarbon feed containing an organosulfur species. The pressure of combination is above the vapor pressure of the solvent. The combined hydrocarbon feed and solvent solution are placed in a low pressure environment to vaporize the solvent. The resulting stream is combined with hydrogen gas and this stream is heated and pressurized to form a liquid hydrocarbon product containing sodium sulfide. This product is then cooled, and the sodium sulfide is extracted.

A process for using solid alkali and agent-alkali to deeply desulfurizing the liquefied petroleum gas and light hydrocarbon features that the raw material to be treated passes sequentially through liquid alkali (or solid alkali) washing tank (or tower), liquid-liquid countercurrent extracting tower, and settling separation tank to separate out the refined product and extracting liquid. The agent-alkali liquid also passes through oxidizing regeneration tower and back extracting tower for cyclic use.

A method of recovering hydrocarbon or synthetic base oils from used oil-based drilling mud utilizes acid to deactivate emulsifiers in the drilling mud for altering the emulsion stability and permitting removal of the solids contained in the drilling mud using conventional separation such as centrifugation. A surfactant is typically added to prevent water-wetting as a result of the addition of the acid. The recovered base oil contains substantially all of the deactivated emulsifiers, which can be reactivated through the addition of lime, allowing new drilling fluids to be prepared without the need to add significant amounts of emulsifier to the recycled base oil.

Self-compatible heavy oil streams are produced from converted and / or desulfurized fractions. In a preferred embodiment, an incompatibility stream is added to the converted and / or desulfurized stream to reduce the solubility number of the stream. After using a water wash to remove incompatible material, a lighter fraction is removed from the stream to increase the solubility number.

Refractory or hard sulfur found in a hydrocarbon stream containing refractory sulfur heterocycle compounds, particularly those exhibiting steric hindrance, is removed from the stream by contacting it with a sodium reagent comprising a sodium component, having free sodium, supported on a solid support component. If the hydrocarbon stream contains more labile or easy sulfur, then it is treated, typically by hydrodesulfurization, to remove at least most of the labile sulfur before it is contacted with the sodium reagent. This is useful for bringing the sulfur level of middle distillate fuel streams, such as diesel and jet fuel fractions, down to a level of less than about 10 wppm, employing conventional hydrodesulfurizing catalysts and conditions.

A method of upgrading a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed by removing oxidized-heteroatom contaminants is disclosed. The method includes contacting the oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed with a caustic and a selectivity promoter, and removing the heteroatom contaminants from the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed.

The invention relates to a preparation method for an acid removal agent of lubricating oil. The acid removal agent takes one or a plurality of substances of ZnCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, and NaOH, and the like, as raw material and compounds into solution in certain concentration. Within 40 to 95 DEG C, the solution is mixed with one or a plurality of activated clay, bentonite and diatomite, and the like, and then added into NaOH solution in certain quantity and concentration. After a period of reaction under the condition of heat prevention, the mixture is filtered, washed and dried to obtain a solid acid removal agent. The solid acid removal agent can react with acid components in the base oil of the lubricating oil so that the acid components are absorbed on the acid removal agent to effectively decrease the acid value of the base oil of the lubricating oil. When in use, the lubricating oil is heated to the temperature of 40 DEG C to 250 DEG C and the acid removal agent is fully mixed with the lubricating oil by 0.1 percent to 5 percent (the mass fraction of the acid removal agent). At the set temperature, the acid removal agent reacts with the acid components in the lubricating oil, which is absorbed on the acid removal agent; meanwhile, the acid value of the lubricating oil can decrease below 0.01mgKOH / g.

In some embodiments, the invention is a method of removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon feed using the steps of dissolving metallic sodium in a first solvent, combining the sodium / first solvent solution with a sulfur-free alkane or cycloalkane second solvent, vaporizing the first solvent from sodium / first solvent / second solvent combination to transfer the dissolved metallic sodium into the second solvent, and then combine the resultant liquid with a liquid hydrocarbon feed containing an organosulfur species. The resulting stream is combined with a hydrogen donor. The combination is heated and pressurized to form a liquid hydrocarbon product containing sodium sulfide. The liquid hydrocarbon product containing sodium sulfide is then cooled, and the sodium sulfide is extracted. The extracted sodium sulfide is then processed in a sodium sulfur cell to regenerate the sodium and recycle it to the feed.

An oil, such as a mineral oil, for example, transformer oil, is contacted with calcium carbide and the mixture is stirred until a liquid phase containing less than 1 ppm water and a solid phase containing Ca(OH)2 and unreacted CaC2 are obtained. The oil obtained can be used to give samples of known quantities of water by adding corresponding amounts thereto.

The present invention relates to a process for converting gaseous products, said process comprising the steps, where a feedstock comprising gaseous products obtained from thermal processing of biomass is subjected to oxidation in the presence of an oxidant, under conditions suitable for enacting said oxidation to yield an oxidation product, and subjecting the oxidation product to condensation in the presence of a basic catalyst to obtain bio-oil. The invention also relates to the use of bio-oil, obtainable by said process, as heating oil, as starting material in processes for producing fuels, fuel components, fine chemicals, chemical building-blocks, and solvents.

Treatment compositions for neutralizing acidic species and reducing hydrochloride and amine salts in a fluid hydrocarbon stream are disclosed. The treatment compositions may comprise at least one amine with a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0. Methods for neutralizing acidic species and reducing deposits of hydrochloride and amine salts in a hydrocarbon refining process are also disclosed. The methods may comprise providing a fluid hydrocarbon stream and adding a treatment composition to the fluid hydrocarbon stream. The treatment compositions used may have a salt precipitation potential index of equal to or less than about 1.0 and comprise either water-soluble or oil-soluble amines.

The present invention relates to a process for desulfurizing bitumen and other heavy oils such as low API gravity, high viscosity crudes, tar sands bitumen, or shale oils with alkali metal compounds under conditions to promote in-situ regeneration of the alkali metal compounds. The present invention employs the use of superheated water and hydrogen under conditions to improve the desulfurization and alkali metal hydroxide regeneration kinetics at sub-critical temperatures.