Physical structure regulating method of high-yield soil for summer corns

Abstract

A regulating method aims at the physical structure of a high-yield soil for summer corns, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural production. The regulating method of the invention is as follows: (1) deep ploughing (loose) before sowing: before the seeding of the previous crops before the summer corns, the soil is deeply ploughed (loose), the tilth is 30 to 35cm, the unit weight of a soil horizon of 0 to 20cm is 1.2 to 1.3g / cm3 by deep ploughing, the unit weight of the soil horizon of 20 to 40cm is 1.3 to 1.4g / cm3, and 15 kilograms of urea are fertilized per mu; and (2) ridging after sowing: before the seeding of the corns, wide row and narrow row seeding is required to be carried out, the space between the wide rows is 70 to 80cm, the space between the narrow rows is 40 to 50cm, during the jointing stage of the corns, cultivation, banking and ridging are carried out, ditches are opened in the wide rows of the corns, the narrow rows are banked and ridged, the ridge height is 15 to 20cm, and the ridge face width is 50 to 60cm. The invention can obviously reduce the unit weight of the no-tillage summer corn soil, increase the soil porosity, improve the physical behavior of the soil, increase the biological activity of the soil and enhance the biological fertility, facilitate the growing and development of the root system of the corn and increases the activity of the root system, and obviously improve the crop production and the benefits.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and relates to a soil regulation method for high-yield crops, in particular to a soil physical structure regulation method for high-yield summer maize. Background technique [0002] Corn is one of the important food crops in China. In 2008, the planting area of ​​corn in China reached 430 million mu, and the planting area of ​​summer corn in Henan Province also reached more than 43 million mu, and there is a tendency to further expand. Corn production is closely related to my country's food security and sustainable social development. Continuously increasing corn production and improving land sustainable production capacity has become the main goal of modern agricultural development and an important guarantee for food security. [0003] Cultivated land is the basic resource for food production and supply, and the basic element of agriculture. In recent years, due to various reaso...

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Problems solved by technology

According to the survey conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture, the soil plow layer in our country is only 15-17cm at present, and the shallow plow layer of the soil has led to a series of negative effects: for example, it is difficult for the roots of crops to take root, they cannot make full use of the water and fertilizer in the lower layer, and they are prone to lodging; It is difficult for water to infiltrate, forming surface runoff, losing fertilizer and water, and making it difficult for roots to use groundwater in dry seasons, resulting in a decline in yield and seriously affecting national food security and sustainable agricultural development

In the Huang-Huai-Hai area, which is the main grain-producing area, the cultivated layer is shallow, the lower compacted layer becomes thicker, the soil structure deteriorates, the ability to receive natural precipitation decreases, the proportion of the three phases is out of balance, and the barrier effect of the plow bottom layer is more serious, especially in the 20 The -40cm soil layer problem is particularly prominent, and has become one of the main limiting factors for the high yield of cultivated land in this area

Although previous studies have reduced the bulk density of the plow layer and broken the plow layer by plowing or deep plowing, the quantitative description of the plowing depth and soil physical indicators is lacking.

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