Start-up method for fluidized bed

Abstract

The invention discloses a start-up method for a fluidized bed. The start-up method for the fluidized bed comprises the following steps of: bonding a micro-spherical fluidized bed catalyst into globular, hemispheric, columnar, flake or irregular catalyst particles by using a wax material, wherein the diameter of the catalyst particle is 2 to 20mm according to the equivalent volume sphericity; packing the catalyst particles in a reactor of the fluidized bed for carrying out the air tight operation; introducing starting-up oil below a melting point of the wax material in the catalyst particles and carrying out the cyclic operation; raising the temperature of the reactor of the fluidized bed to be higher than that the temperature of the melting point of the wax material in the catalyst particles by 5 to 100 DEG C; dissolving the wax material in the catalyst particles in the start-up oil; and activating the micro-spherical fluidized bed catalyst. According to the start-up method for the fluidized bed, the problem that the micro-spherical catalyst is broken due to the extrusion and collision and is polluted by dust in the process of placing the micro-spherical catalyst into the reactor is solved; the catalyst particles are prevented from being taken out from the reactor or causing stoppage in the start-up process of the device; and the start-up method has the advantages of short start-up time, high efficiency and good effect.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a start-up method of a fluidized bed, which is particularly suitable for the start-up method of a gas, liquid and solid three-phase fluidized bed process using a microsphere catalyst. Background technique [0002] At present, as crude oil resources become heavier, in the refining process of petroleum, the yield of residual oil is relatively high, generally 40%-50% of the weight of crude oil. In addition, a large part of the world's crude oil reserves is heavy crude oil, and most of its composition is residual oil, and it is low-quality residual oil with high impurity content. On the other hand, low-quality energy sources such as oil sands, asphalt, and synthetic crude oil have also entered the ranks of petroleum refining. [0003] The currently industrialized methods for treating these residual oils or heavy oils include: catalytic cracking, residual oil hydrogenation, delayed coking, visbreaking and other methods or combined ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0006] For ebullating bed reactors and fixed bed reactors, in order to load the solid catalyst into the reactor, the catalyst is usually poured directly into the reactor from the top of the reactor through a special feeding funnel, because the height of the industrial reactor is relatively high, so The solid catalyst will be broken due to mutual collision during the falling process, resulting in the loss of the catalyst, and the generated dust will cause great harm, and special dust removal equipment is required

[0007] In order to reduce the collision loss of the catalyst and the harm of the dust, JP-A-5-31351 adopts in the reactor to provide a packing device with a shape and size that does not substantially hinder the catalyst from falling to reduce the collision of the catalyst; JP-A-9- 141084 first fill the reactor with liquid, then fill with solid catalyst, and then remove the liquid from the reactor; this method is complicated to operate and requires special liquid, which causes unnecessary trouble for the start-up of the reactor

JP-A-10-277381 fills the reactor with dry ice before filling the solid catalyst, then fills the catalyst, and then removes the dry ice by evaporation; although this method solves the problem of particulate catalyst entering the pipeline to a certain extent, it requires the catalyst Filling is closely connected with the subsequent hydrogen replacement and airtight process, otherwise, when the time is prolonged, the dry ice will not play a corresponding role after volatilization, and at the same time, the low temperature caused by dry ice volatilization will have certain adverse effects on the reactor and other related equipment

[0008] The above solutions either require special equipment, or the method is cumbersome, and cannot solve the problem of solid catalyst loading well.

In addition, if the catalyst particles are very small, as described in CN200710010377.5, the particle size of the fluidized bed residual oil hydrogenation catalyst is preferably 0.1-0.4 mm, even if the catalyst is loaded into the reactor to avoid the collision loss and dust hazard of the catalyst, due to The catalyst particles are extremely small. During the hydrogen replacement and airtight process of the device, it is easy to fall into the gas-liquid distributor due to the fluctuation of the device's intake air volume, and may even be taken out of the reactor, resulting in catalyst loss and distributor blockage.