Anticoagulant Hollow Fiber Membranes and Filters
A fibrous membrane and hollow technology, applied in blood filtration, membrane technology, suction devices, etc., can solve the problems of contraindicated use by patients
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Embodiment 1
[0214] Example 1. Diagram and calculation of packing area
[0215] Figure 20A is a scanning electron micrograph of a single hollow fiber. Figure 20B is a schematic illustration of a hollow fiber bundle. Figures 20A-20B and the calculations below highlight the ability of fiber bundles to provide surface area to resist coagulation when in contact with blood.
[0216]Based on the dimensions of the packing area and fibers, it can be estimated that only the hollow fiber membranes are modified as described herein, so that only about 18% of the cap area is occupied by fibers (depicted by the thick lined circles inside the dialyzer cartridge) Surface-modified macromolecule (SMM) modifications are used to provide anticoagulant effects. This leaves approximately 66% of the area including the encapsulated portion unmodified and prone to thrombus formation on contact with blood during hemodialysis. Thus, the present invention features a method of also treating this approximately 66...
Embodiment 2
[0217] Example 2. Surface-modified macromolecules in thin films of PS / PVP polymer blends
[0218] Membranes were prepared to demonstrate that the hollow fiber membranes of the present invention may consist of surfaces in the mixture from which they are prepared. Surface-modified macromolecules (SMM, 5 wt%), polysulfone (PS, 10 wt%), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, 5 wt%) were dissolved in a mixture of dimethylacetamide and tetrahydrofuran (about 80 wt%). Films with a thickness of 254 μm were cast on Teflon substrates and subsequently dried and analyzed for surface fluorine and nitrogen content. Results are provided in Table 2 for the four solution-cast formulated films analyzed, each utilizing a different surface-modifying macromolecule.
[0219] Table 2
[0220]
[0221] For the four films, the surface fluorine content is provided by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results, and the elemental analysis (EA) of the bulk (neat) SMM is provided for comparison. The diff...
Embodiment 3
[0222] Example 3. Surface-modified macromolecules in fibers of PS / PVP polymer blends
[0223] The fibers were also analyzed for fluorine and nitrogen content. The results are provided in Table 3 for the four solution spun fibers analyzed, each utilizing a different surface modifying macromolecule (VII-a, VIII-a, IX-a, and XI-a).
[0224] table 3
[0225]
[0226] a Target incorporation of VII-a = 6%
[0227] b Target incorporation of VIII-a and IX-a = 4%
[0228] c Target incorporation of XI-a = 3%
[0229] X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data indicated that all SMM-modified fibers had varying degrees of surface fluorine in the inner (IS) and outer (OS) surfaces that actually come into contact with blood during hemodialysis.
[0230] Table 3 also provides the elemental analysis (EA) and %F of the SMM in the bulk, which indicates the amount of additive incorporated into the fiber compared to the amount targeted for incorporation. For VII-a, the EA of %F indica...
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