Device for preparing acetylene through pulverized coal pyrolysis by electric arc

Abstract

The invention provides a device for preparing acetylene through pulverized coal pyrolysis by an electric arc. The device comprises a reaction vessel and at least one reaction unit, wherein the reaction vessel is internally provided with a reaction cavity, and the reaction unit comprises at least one first pulverized coal spray nozzle, at least one second pulverized coal spray nozzle and at least one group of electrode couples of a direct-current electric arc; pulverized coal is conveyed by airflows to enter the reaction cavity through the first pulverized coal spray nozzle and the second pulverized coal spray nozzle to flow so as to form a first pulverized coal gas mixing area and a second pulverized coal gas mixing area, the first pulverized coal gas mixing area is provided with a symmetry plane parallel to the pulverized coal flowing direction, the second pulverized coal gas mixing area is positioned at two sides of the first pulverized coal gas mixing area according to the symmetry plane, the arc column of the electric arc between the electrode couples at two sides of the first pulverized coal gas mixing area is extended along the pulverized coal flowing direction according to the symmetry plane, the arc column can form a stable configuration structure under the constraining and controlling actions of the pulverized coal gas mixture, and most of the arc column is located in the pulverized coal gas mixing area. The device for preparing acetylene through pulverized coal pyrolysis by the electric arc has the advantages that the pulverized coal heating efficiency is high, the energy efficiency is high, the capacity of a reactor can be increased optionally, and the like.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of acetylene preparation, in particular to an arc plasma pyrolysis device for producing acetylene from pulverized coal. Background technique [0002] In the prior art, GB 1,089,092 published the invention of D.M.Grifiiths et al. who first proposed in 1963 the method of producing gaseous and solid products by heating bituminous coal particles at 2000-3000°C. The main products include acetylene and activated carbon. The heating method mainly converts coal powder It is obtained by passing through an electric arc, or plasma jet tail flame, or bituminous coal undergoes high-temperature partial combustion, or mixes pulverized coal with high-temperature gas. US 3,384,467 published a method and device for pyrolyzing pulverized coal with arc plasma first proposed by P.R.Ammann et al. in 1964. The heating methods for pulverized coal include resistance heating and arc heating, and its energy utilization efficiency is a...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Although the above-mentioned patent solves the problem of arc stability control and avoiding electrode coking, it produces additional energy loss in the plasma torch, and the energy efficiency of the general plasma torch is lower than 80%, even if the V-type double plasma torch like CN200810175364. Part of the arc is located outside the nozzle of the plasma torch, and a large amount of working gas is used, and the thermal efficiency of the plasma torch is also lower than 87%.

Moreover, due to the need for arc stability control, the plasma torch uses a large amount of gas, and the gas used in the plasma torch has high requirements, and the processing of these gases requires expensive equipment and energy consumption; at the same time, the plasma torch uses a large amount of gas to reduce the average enthalpy of the plasma jet. The higher the power, the lower the average enthalpy of the plasma torch. Since the heating efficiency is proportional to the enthalpy difference between the heat source and the heating object, the heat transfer efficiency of the plasma to the coal powder is reduced; the plasma torch uses a large amount of gas, which occupies a large amount of coal powder. The amount of gas used for transportation makes the pulverized coal transportation have to use high-concentration transportation, which causes the problem of Louisiana blockage in the transportation pipe

In addition, the electrode life of the large plasma torch is limited, and its structure is complex, it is difficult to replace the electrode, and the replacement of the electrode will affect the operation of the equipment and increase the maintenance workload

[0004] CN201320593044.0 adopts axial multi-electrode and axial magnetic field rotation control arc method to realize the generation of multiple electric arcs and the direct contact between electric arc and pulverized coal. Although it can improve the efficiency of heat energy utilization, it is known from the existing professional knowledge that this method is difficult to avoid contact with pulverized coal. The electrodes in contact are coked, the gap between parallel electrodes is easy to be polluted and broken down, and due to the mutual attraction of Lorentz force between multiple arcs with the same current, multiple arcs can easily evolve into a single arc

[0005] Due to technical limitations, it is difficult to increase the power of the plasma

Although the power of the hydrogen plasma torch disclosed in CN200810175364.8 can reach 5MW, it is far from the scale demand of industrial production

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