Metal lithium negative electrode with dual-layer structure

A double-layer structure, metal lithium technology, applied in the field of metal lithium anode, can solve the problems of poor cycle performance, easy growth of dendrites, low safety, etc., and achieve the effect of improving the utilization rate

Active Publication Date: 2016-08-10
TSINGHUA UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to change the problems of easy growth of dendrites, low safety, and poor cycle performance in the current use of metal lithium negative electrodes, by using materials that have a stron

Method used

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Examples

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Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0015] Example 1: A polyaniline layer with a thickness of 20 μm is placed on the surface of the underlying lithium metal with a thickness of 500 μm to form a lithium metal negative electrode with a double-layer capping layer structure. The metal lithium negative electrode with a double-layer structure and the nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary positive electrode material are assembled into a battery, and the electrolyte solution is lithium hexafluorophosphate, ethylene carbonate, and diethyl carbonate solution. The test current is 2.0mA cm -2 , after 400 cycles, no dendrites appear on the surface of the negative electrode, and the Coulombic efficiency is 85%. However, the battery using common metal lithium anodes short-circuited after 200 cycles due to the formation of a large number of dendrites.

Embodiment 2

[0016] Example 2: A polyvinylidene fluoride layer with a thickness of 1 nm is placed on the underlying metal lithium with a thickness of 300 μm to form a lithium metal negative electrode with a double-layer structure. The metal lithium negative electrode with a double-layer structure and the positive electrode material containing sulfur are assembled into a battery, and the electrolyte is lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1,3-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane solution. The test current is 40mA cm -2 , after 800 cycles, no dendrites appear on the surface of the negative electrode, and the Coulombic efficiency is 98%. However, the battery using ordinary metal lithium anode short circuited due to the massive formation of dendrites after 400 cycles.

Embodiment 3

[0017] Example 3: A mixed layer of oxidized graphene and oxidized activated carbon with a thickness of 90 nm is placed on the underlying metal lithium with a thickness of 100 μm to form a metal lithium negative electrode with a double-layer structure. The metal lithium negative electrode with a double-layer structure and the lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode are assembled into a battery, and the electrolyte solution is lithium hexafluoroarsenate, ethylene carbonate, and dimethoxymethane solution. The test current is 100mA cm -2 , after 2500 cycles, no dendrites appear on the surface of the negative electrode, and the Coulombic efficiency is 92%. Batteries using common lithium metal anodes short-circuited after 1000 cycles due to the massive formation of dendrites.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a metal lithium negative electrode with a dual-layer structure. The metal lithium negative electrode comprises a metal lithium layer at a bottom layer and a surface cover layer at an upper layer. In the metal lithium negative electrode, a surface layer structure on the surface can be used for controlling distribution of lithium ions on the surface of the negative electrode, the lithium ions are prevented from being gathered in time and space, and the uniform distribution of the lithium ions on the surface of the negative electrode is achieved, so that dendritic crystal is prevented. The control behavior of the surface layer structure of the metal lithium negative electrode on the lithium ions is achieved by a material having a relatively high absorption effect on the lithium ions. Compared with a metal lithium negative electrode without the dual-layer structure, the metal lithium negative electrode with the dual-layer structure has the advantages that the growth of lithium dendritic crystal can be prevented, the safety of the metal lithium negative electrode can be ensured, the energy utilization ratio of the battery can be relatively and substantially improved, and the cycle lifetime of the battery can be relatively and substantially prolonged. If the metal lithium negative electrode is used with a high-capacity positive electrode material in a matching way, the practical progress of a novel high-energy density lithium battery can be promoted.

Description

field of invention [0001] The invention relates to a negative pole of a lithium battery, in particular to a metal lithium negative pole with a double-layer structure. Background technique [0002] Compared with graphite anodes currently commercially used in lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal anodes can theoretically provide more capacity (3860mAh g -1 , Graphite negative electrode: 372mAh·g -1 ) and the most negative potential (-3.040V vs. standard hydrogen electrode, graphite negative electrode: ~1.0V vs. Li + / Li), it is expected to achieve larger applications in the next generation of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. Lithium-sulfur batteries and lithium-air batteries using metallic lithium as the negative electrode have gradually attracted the attention of researchers, and have become a hot spot in academic and industrial research in recent years. However, there are still many problems in the research of lithium metal anodes, the most important of w...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M4/134H01M4/62H01M10/052
CPCH01M4/134H01M4/628H01M10/052Y02E60/10
Inventor 张强程新兵黄佳琦
Owner TSINGHUA UNIV
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