A production method of ultrasonic-mediated colchicine doubling japonica rice chromosomes

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrasonic-mediated colchicine-doubled japonica rice chromosome production method, comprising the following steps: rice seed sterilization and germination treatment; ultrasonic-assisted colchicine treatment of rice germinated seeds to obtain chromosome-doubled rice seedlings The rice seedlings are transferred to the screening medium II to continue culturing until the seedlings are gradually rooted and then transplanted. The invention successfully realizes the chromosome doubling of 7 japonica rice lines, solves the problem of low doubling efficiency of the traditional method of directly treating rice seeds with colchicine, and the method of doubling chromosomes of rice callus treated with colchicine relies on complicated plant tissue culture technology And other issues.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of chromosome engineering breeding, and in particular relates to a production method of colchicine-doubling japonica rice chromosomes mediated by ultrasonic waves. Background technique [0002] Polyploidization is a prominent feature of the evolution of higher plants. With the doubling of chromosomes, the organs and cells of the plant show "giant size", which increases the vegetative organs of the crop, such as leaves, lotus stalks and ears. At the same time, polyploidization enhances the stress resistance to unfavorable natural environments, improves photosynthesis, and reduces transpiration. Polyploid plants are ubiquitous in nature. Economic crops such as wheat, cotton, soybean, and tobacco, which are closely related to people's lives, are all polyploids formed by natural doubling. At present, about 50% of angiosperms, 75% of gramineous plants, 80% of grasses, and 18% of beans are polyploid, so polyplo...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Although there are various genetic instability problems after rice genome doubling that make it difficult to obtain stable genetic offspring, the main reason is that the rice doubling efficiency is extremely low due to the immaturity of rice chromosome doubling technology, and there is no available A large number of doubled rice population materials selected by breeders and conducted in-depth biological research

[0004] Traditional colchicine directly treats rice seeds. Although the operation is very convenient, the doubling efficiency is very limited. For distant hybrid rice, the doubling efficiency is usually between 0.15 and 12%, which is very meaningful for theoretical research and germplasm innovation. The doubling efficiency of rice inbred lines, especially japonica varieties with good taste and soft glutinous taste, is much lower than 0.1%, and even some varieties cannot obtain polyploid plants

Another common rice chromosome doubling method is to use colchicine to treat rice callus obtained in tissue culture to obtain rice polyploids. Although higher chromosome doubling efficiency can be obtained, usually doubling Efficiency can reach more than 50%, but due to its heavy dependence on tissue culture technology

This has led to expensive and complicated experimental conditions such as a series of instruments and equipment, sterile operating space, and artificial light culture system required for tissue culture to perform rice chromosome doubling by this method.

Moreover, the operation of this method is relatively difficult, and it is necessary to establish corresponding plant tissue culture systems for different rice materials to be doubled, and each rice material has a different callus in tissue culture due to the difference in genetic background. During the process of tissue induction, subculture, induced differentiation, etc., the concentration and type of phytohormones vary greatly, and it is impossible to double the work of various rice materials in a short period of time.

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