Ebullated bed reactor with internal circulation catalyst and hydrogenation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an inner circulation catalyst bubbling bed reactor and a hydrogenation method thereof. The reactor comprises cyclone separators and a flow guide member, wherein the cyclone separator and the flow guide member are arranged in the bubbling bed reactor, the bottom portion of the bubbling bed reactor is provided with a material inlet for the entering of a gas phase and a liquidphase, the top portion is provided with a gas phase outlet, more than two cyclone separators are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction using the central axis of the bubbling bed reactor as the symmetry axis, the inlets of the cyclone separators are positioned at the same height, and face the central axis, the liquid separation pipes of the cyclone separators are connected to theliquid outlet of the bubbling bed reactor, and the flow guide member is used for changing the flow direction of a fluid, such that the fluid has a horizontal split velocity so as to make part of the fluid flow to the inlets of the cyclone separators. With the reactor and the hydrogenation method of the present invention, the complete fluidization and internal circulation of the catalyst can be achieved, the flow rate of the liquid inside the bubbling bed can be adjusted, and the residence time of the catalyst internal circulation and the residence time of the liquid passing through the reactorcan be adjusted.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to an ebullated bed reactor with an internal circulation catalyst and a hydrogenation method thereof. Background technique [0002] The hydro-upgrading process of heavy oil is a key link in increasing refinery revenue. Through the catalytic reaction under the condition of high-pressure hydrogen, the impurity components (such as metal, sulfur, nitrogen, etc.) in the heavy oil are removed, and the heavy fraction in the produced oil is converted. Because the catalyst in the conventional fixed-bed reactor cannot move, blockage and coking are prone to occur when processing heavy oil. Not only must the catalyst be stopped for replacement after deactivation, but also the bed pressure drop rises rapidly, making it difficult to operate continuously for a long period of time. [0003] The ebullating bed reactor is the mainstream reactor type in the upgrading process of residual oil and heavy oil. It is characterized by the free flow of gas...

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Problems solved by technology

Therefore, this type of reactor can only adjust the residence time of the reactor through the inlet space velocity, not only has few operating means, but also has a slow response time

[0007] (2) Due to the influence of the fluid velocity of the fluidized bed and the size of the catalyst outlet of the three-phase device, it is difficult to form a circulation, and the adjustment range of the fluid velocity is very narrow

For example, when the fluid velocity of the ebullated bed is high and / or the catalyst feed opening of the three-phase device is large, the fluid in the ebullated bed flows upward directly through the catalyst feed opening, and no circulation can be formed; when the fluid velocity of the ebullated bed is small, it cannot be realized The light and heavy multi-stage catalysts are all in a suspended state; when the three-phase catalyst catalyst discharge port is small, it is easy to cause the discharge port to be blocked

[0008] (3) When the catalyst is unloaded online, a mixed reaction system containing a large amount of heavy oil and catalyst is directly drawn from the bottom of the reactor. When the catalyst is replaced quickly, the amount of heavy oil discharged instantly is large, which seriously affects the heavy oil in the reactor. The hydrogenation effect of oil, if the catalyst is replaced slowly, it will cause a very long time to replace the catalyst

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