Method for rapidly extracting osmium from osmium-containing material

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly extracting osmium from an osmium-containing material and belongs to the technical field of noble metal metallurgy. After the osmium-containing material isdissolved by hydrochloric acid, ozone is adopted to conduct selective distillation, two-grade absorption is conducted on the osmium tetroxide obtained after distillation by means of a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and ethyl alcohol, the pH value of a solution is adjusted, osmium black is obtained through hydrazine hydrate reduction, after calcination and hydrogen reduction, metal osmium powder is obtained. The method for rapidly extracting the osmium from the osmium-containing material guarantees that the osmium tetroxide is not reduced, improves distillation efficiency and shortens the osmium distillation time to within 8 hours. The method for rapidly extracting the osmium from the osmium-containing material has the advantages of being simple in technology, short in technological process, convenient to operate, stable in product quality and the like.

Description

technical field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for rapidly extracting osmium from osmium minerals or materials containing osmium. Background technique

[0002] Osmium is a metal element with very special properties. Metallic osmium has a high melting point, high hardness, and is not easy to be machined, but its oxidation resistance is very poor. Sponge osmium can be oxidized by oxygen in the air at room temperature to become volatile Very strong osmium tetroxide. Therefore, the purification process of osmium is always accompanied by volatilization of osmium tetroxide, and the longer the process, the greater the loss. Traditional osmium extraction methods include reduction precipitation, sodium sulfide precipitation-oxygen burning, secondary distillation, hydrogen direct reduction of OsO 4 or Na 2 OSo 6 law etc. The technological process is long and the extraction rate of osmium is low. Patent CN106222438 discloses a m...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0017] Osmium sodium salt was added to 1.5mol / L hydrochloric acid, the liquid-solid ratio was 4.5:1, and dissolved, and the solution was transferred to a distillation flask for distillation. First, 140 mg / L of ozone was introduced into the distillate, and the distillation was performed for 5 hours, and then hydrogen peroxide ( Distillate: the hydrogen peroxide volume ratio is 5:1), continue to distill for 2.5 hours; adopt two-stage absorption for distilled osmium tetroxide, the first stage uses mass concentration of 20% NaOH + mass concentration of 5% C 2 h 5 OH absorption, the second stage uses a mass concentration of 25% NaOH + a mass concentration of 5% C 2 h 5 OH absorption, after the absorption is completed, the multi-stage absorption liquid is combined and processed, the pH value is adjusted to 4-5 with hydrochloric acid, the osmium black is obtained by reduction with hydrazine hydrate, and the metal osmium powder is obtained by drying and hydrogen reduction. The test ...

Embodiment 2

[0021] Osmium sodium salt was added into 1mol / L hydrochloric acid, the liquid-solid ratio was 6:1, and dissolved, and the solution was transferred to a distillation flask for distillation. First, 160 mg / L of ozone was passed into the distillate, and the distillation was performed for 5 hours, and then hydrogen peroxide (distillation) was added. Solution: hydrogen peroxide volume ratio is 6:1), continue to distill for 2 hours; adopt two-stage absorption for the distilled osmium tetroxide, the first stage uses mass concentration 20%NaOH+mass concentration 5%C 2 h 5 OH absorption, the second stage uses a mass concentration of 25% NaOH + a mass concentration of 5% C 2 h 5 OH absorption. After the absorption is complete, combine and treat the multi-stage absorption liquid, adjust the pH value to 4-5 with hydrochloric acid, reduce with hydrazine hydrate to obtain osmium black, and obtain metal osmium powder after drying and hydrogen reduction. The test results of each link are as...

technical field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for rapidly extracting osmium from osmium minerals or materials containing osmium. Background technique

[0002] Osmium is a metal element with very special properties. Metallic osmium has a high melting point, high hardness, and is not easy to be machined, but its oxidation resistance is very poor. Sponge osmium can be oxidized by oxygen in the air at room temperature to become volatile Very strong osmium tetroxide. Therefore, the purification process of osmium is always accompanied by volatilization of osmium tetroxide, and the longer the process, the greater the loss. Traditional osmium extraction methods include reduction precipitation, sodium sulfide precipitation-oxygen burning, secondary distillation, hydrogen direct reduction of OsO 4 or Na 2 OSo 6 law etc. The technological process is long and the extraction rate of osmium is low. Patent CN106222438 discloses a m...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0017] Osmium sodium salt was added to 1.5mol / L hydrochloric acid, the liquid-solid ratio was 4.5:1, and dissolved, and the solution was transferred to a distillation flask for distillation. First, 140 mg / L of ozone was introduced into the distillate, and the distillation was performed for 5 hours, and then hydrogen peroxide ( Distillate: the hydrogen peroxide volume ratio is 5:1), continue to distill for 2.5 hours; adopt two-stage absorption for distilled osmium tetroxide, the first stage uses mass concentration of 20% NaOH + mass concentration of 5% C 2 h 5 OH absorption, the second stage uses a mass concentration of 25% NaOH + a mass concentration of 5% C 2 h 5 OH absorption, after the absorption is completed, the multi-stage absorption liquid is combined and processed, the pH value is adjusted to 4-5 with hydrochloric acid, the osmium black is obtained by reduction with hydrazine hydrate, and the metal osmium powder is obtained by drying and hydrogen reduction. The test ...

Embodiment 2

[0021] Osmium sodium salt was added into 1mol / L hydrochloric acid, the liquid-solid ratio was 6:1, and dissolved, and the solution was transferred to a distillation flask for distillation. First, 160 mg / L of ozone was passed into the distillate, and the distillation was performed for 5 hours, and then hydrogen peroxide (distillation) was added. Solution: hydrogen peroxide volume ratio is 6:1), continue to distill for 2 hours; adopt two-stage absorption for the distilled osmium tetroxide, the first stage uses mass concentration 20%NaOH+mass concentration 5%C 2 h 5 OH absorption, the second stage uses a mass concentration of 25% NaOH + a mass concentration of 5% C 2 h 5 OH absorption. After the absorption is complete, combine and treat the multi-stage absorption liquid, adjust the pH value to 4-5 with hydrochloric acid, reduce with hydrazine hydrate to obtain osmium black, and obtain metal osmium powder after drying and hydrogen reduction. The test results of each link are as...

Images