Self-regulating turbine

Abstract

An energy cascade which is preferably fed by solar energy is made from standard solar absorbers including Seebeck elements on the upper end thereof, a self-regulating turbine including a generator arranged downstream and Seebeck elements arranged on the turbine outlet, a heat exchanger for the secondary circuit, and regulating devices for controlling the inner pressure of the primary circuit. The turbine is matched to varying operating conditions by means of suitable measures: matching of the inlet channel, changing turbine blade length for radial turbines, electronic control of the current generated in the generator for rotational speed limitation and a Seebeck heat / current exchanger in the turbine outlet channel.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. §120 of International Application No. PCT / DE2003 / 003607, filed on Oct. 30, 2003, which claims priority from German No. 102 51 752.5, filed on Nov. 5, 2002.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] The present invention relates to a self-regulating turbine. [0004] 2. The Prior Art [0005] DE 42 00 507 A1 discloses a turbine with very many geometrical adjustment possibilities. These possibilities include adjusting the blade wheel 3a, the flow gap or its size and at the same time the turbine vane length 2 or turbine blade length, and the spiral 14 is not changed automatically by the blade spring 9. [0006] Automatic geometrical alterations are disclosed by the documents U.S. Pat. No. 3,149,820 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,540,337. [0007] These documents represent only a selection from many known technical solutions. [0008] The known design concepts have long experimented wit...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0011] It is an object of the present invention to provide a turbine which adapts to the variable daily and seasonal load of a turbine in particular and also to a possible pulsed operation, and which adapts the turbine geometry to an optimal efficiency.

[0023] In a second measure, because of the variable gas or steam quantities arriving at approximately the same speed thanks to the adjustable cross section of the inlet channel, it proves to be advantageous to have the turbine vane of variable length, whereby a portion of the turbine vanes can be retracted into a cylindrical body rotating at the same speed, with negative shapes designed to accommodate the turbine vanes, and this co-rotating body can close off the inlet region of the turbine vanes or make it partly or fully open.

[0026] The first and second measures mentioned above have the effect that the turbine, automatically adjusting to different load conditions, quickly reaches its rated speed even when the steam or gas mass flows are slight and the generator connected to the turbine likewise quickly reaches its rated voltage. A limiting of the turbine speed is achieved in that the current flow through the generator is steered by a suitable, voltage-dependent control system and the increasing current flow presents a suitably high electromagnetic moment in opposition to the turbine torque.

[0034] The absorber tubes lying in or on the absorber surface can be filled with a good gas or steam-permeable and good heat-conducting filler material, such as copper wool, in order to achieve a better transfer of heat from the absorber surface through the wall surface of the absorber tube to the working fluid being heated. The absorber tube can also be an extruded hollow profile with individual star-shaped sections, in order to present the largest possible heat transfer surface.

Problems solved by technology

The known forms of turbines, however, are disadvantageous in terms of the optimal efficiency during variable daily and seasonal loads and in possible pulsed operation.

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