Organic thin-film photoelectric conversion element and method of manufacturing the same
a technology of photoelectric conversion element and organic thin film, which is applied in the direction of sustainable manufacturing/processing, final product manufacturing, nanoinformatics, etc., can solve the problems of lack of durability under normal atmosphere, many problems to be solved, and high cost of materials for this device, so as to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, easy to manufacture, and easy to manufacture
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First Embodiment
[0039]FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically show the structure of an organic thin-film solar cell as the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 shows HOMO and LUMO energy levels of each of ITO, PEDOT:PSS, P3HT, PCBM, TiO2 and Al layers at the vacuum level.
[0040](Manufacturing method)
[0041]A cleaned ITO (indium tin oxide) glass substrate as a transparent electrode was spin-coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) and dried for ten minutes at 110 degrees Celsius. Onto this coating, a chlorobenzene solution of a fullerene derivative ([6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester) (PCBM) as an n-type organic semiconductor and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as a p-type organic semiconductor (at a weight ratio of 1:1; specifically, 5.0 mg / 0.5 ml of PCBM and 5.0 mg / 0.5 ml of P3HT) was applied by spin-coating and then dried for one hour at a reduced pressure of lower than 10 Pa to form a thin-film. The active layer thus formed was 100...
second embodiment
[0051]As shown in FIG. 9, a glass substrate with an ITO electrode, which had been cleaned with acetone and ethanol, was coated with 150 μL of PEDOT:PSS by spin-coating at 5000 rpm. Then, 14 mg of P3HT and 6 mg of PCBM were dissolved in 1 mL of chlorobenzene (good solvent) and x mL of organic solvent (poor solvent), and 50 μL of this liquid mixture was applied by spin-coating at 2000 rpm, where the volume x of the organic solvent was varied. Finally, an aluminum film of 150 nm in thickness was created by vacuum deposition to obtain an organic thin-film photoelectric conversion element.
[0052]FIG. 10 shows graphs of the short-circuit current density Isc, open circuit voltage Voc, fill factor FF and conversion efficiency Eff of the organic thin-film photoelectric conversion element of the present embodiment, where the quantitative ratio of the organic solvent (poor solvent) to chlorobenzene (good solvent) was changed. The aforementioned NMP (1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone) was used as the poor ...
third embodiment
[0057]In the following embodiment, a gradient structure is given to the PCBM:P3HT layer. The inventors have found that the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved by providing the PCBM:P3HT layer (photoelectric conversion layer) with a concentration gradient of PCBM and P3HT along the thickness direction. This structure can be created by the following method (FIG. 15). First, as described previously, a PEDOT:PSS layer was formed on a cleaned ITO glass substrate as a transparent electrode. Then, a chlorobenzene solution of PCBM:P3HT at a weight ratio of 3 to 7 (specifically, 3 mg / 0.5 ml of PCBM and 7 mg / 0.5 ml of P3HT) was thinly applied by spin-coating and then dried for one hour at a reduced pressure of lower than 10 Pa to form the PCBM:P3HT layer. Its thickness was approximately 100 nm. Onto this layer, an organic solvent, 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was sprayed (or applied), as shown in FIG. 15(a). NMP is a solvent in which PCBM can be dissolved. Though its boiling p...
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