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Two-electron redox molecules for flow batteries

Active Publication Date: 2019-02-21
UCHICAGO ARGONNE LLC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The redox flow batteries described in this patent have compounds that can store more energy per mole of reactant compared to traditional batteries. These compounds can undergo two-electron redox reactions in various electrolytes, making them excellent for energy storage. They also have good cyclic stability, meaning they can be reused multiple times without losing effectiveness.

Problems solved by technology

While alternative energy technologies exist, they cannot be directly connected to the grid because of their variable output.
Though several of these aqueous technologies have been successfully demonstrated at the megawatt-scale, none have experienced widespread commercialization due to low energy densities, low round-trip energy efficiencies, and high costs.
Indeed, all flow batteries based on aqueous electrochemical couples are limited by the electrochemical properties of water, which is only stable within a small potential window (typically 1.2-1.6 V) outside of which water electrolysis occurs.
Despite their promising cell potentials, these systems have been hampered by low efficiencies and the limited solubility of coordination complexes.
All current flow battery designs have functional or cost-performance limitations that hamper large scale adoption of this technology.

Method used

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  • Two-electron redox molecules for flow batteries
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  • Two-electron redox molecules for flow batteries

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

on of Thiophene Redox Molecule

A. Synthesis of 4,8-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT-1)

[0081]

[0082]NaBH4 (0.99 g, 26.2 mmol) was added in portions over half an hour to a suspension of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-4,8-dione (1.0 g, 4.54 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The reaction mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature for about 30 minutes before about 2 mL of 10 M aqueous KOH solution was added. Then the reaction mixture was heated to 85° C. followed by addition of 2-methoxyethyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonate (2.1 g, 9.12 mmol) over about 1 hour. The reaction was monitored by GC-MS. Upon the completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, extracted with ethyl acetate, and purified via flash chromatography on silica gel using hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1, v / v) as eluent followed by recrystallization with ethanol to give the desired product (1.0 g, 64.9%) as a white solid.

B. Synthesis of 4,8-bis(2-methoxy...

example 2

emical Evaluation of the Redox Reactants

[0086]The electrochemical properties of benzodithiophene compounds BDT-1 and BDT-1-Sulfone were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry in a Pt|Ag / Ag+|Pt three-electrode cell containing a 10 mM concentration of the redox reactant compound in Electrolyte A (0.5 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) in acetonitrile) and Electrolyte B (1.2 M LiPF6 in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) in an EC / EMC volume ratio of about 3 / 7) at 10 mM concentrations of the redox reactants, and in coin cells utilizing Electrolyte B.

A. BDT-1 Evaluation by Cyclic Voltammetry.

[0087]BDT-1 exhibited well-defined, reversible redox waves with redox potentials of 0.63 V and 1.00 V, respectively, versus Ag / Ag+ at scan rates from 25 mV / s to 500 mV / s (see FIG. 3). In addition, the ratios of the anodic peak current to the cathodic peak current of these two redox couples lie between 0.9 and 1.1, indicating the exceptional reversibility.

[...

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Abstract

The present invention provides a redox flow battery comprising a negative electrode (also referred to herein as an “anode”) immersed in a first liquid electrolyte (also referred to herein as a “negative electrolyte” or “anolyte”), a positive electrode (also referred to herein as a “cathode”) immersed in a second liquid electrolyte (also referred to herein as a “positive electrolyte” or “catholyte”), and a cation-permeable separator (e.g., a membrane or other cation-permeable material) partitioning the negative electrode / anolyte from the positive electrode / catholyte. The redox reactant of the catholyte comprises a compound of Formula (I) as described herein.

Description

CONTRACTUAL ORIGIN OF THE INVENTION[0001]The United States Government has rights in this invention pursuant to Contract No. DE-ACO2-06CH11357 between the United States Government and UChicago Argonne, LLC representing Argonne National Laboratory.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]This invention relates to redox flow batteries. More particularly, this invention relates to two-electron redox materials for use in redox flow batteries.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]Low-cost, scalable energy storage systems are needed to improve the energy efficiency of the electrical grid (e.g., load-leveling, frequency regulation) and to facilitate the large-scale penetration of renewable energy resources (e.g., wind, solar). While alternative energy technologies exist, they cannot be directly connected to the grid because of their variable output. Electrochemical energy storage may provide the best combination of efficiency, cost, and flexibility to enable these applications. Of particular interest are red...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M8/18H01M8/023
CPCH01M8/023H01M8/188H01M2300/0025Y02E60/50
Inventor ZHANG, JINGJINGZHANG, LUSHKROB, ILYA A.
Owner UCHICAGO ARGONNE LLC
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