Acidic aqueous binary silver-bismuth alloy electroplating compositions and methods

Abstract

Aqueous acid binary silver-bismuth alloy electroplating compositions and methods enable electroplating silver rich binary silver-bismuth deposits. The aqueous acid binary silver-bismuth alloy electroplating compositions include 5-membered heterocyclic nitrogen compounds with a thiol functionality which enable deposition of the silver rich binary silver-bismuth alloys. The silver rich silver-bismuth deposits are matte to semi-bright, uniform and have a low coefficient of friction.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention is directed to acidic aqueous binary silver-bismuth alloy electroplating compositions and methods. More specifically, the present invention is directed to acidic aqueous binary silver-bismuth alloy electroplating compositions and methods, wherein the acidic aqueous binary silver-bismuth alloy electroplating compositions include 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic nitrogen compounds having a thiol functionality which enable electrodeposition of silver rich binary silver-bismuth alloys having low electrical contact resistance and good wear resistance.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]Silver and silver alloy plating baths are highly desirable for depositing silver and silver alloys on substrates in applications directed to the manufacture of electronic components and jewelry. Substantially pure silver is used as a contact finish because of its excellent electrical properties, specifically, low electrical contact resistance. However, its use...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0011]Including 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic nitrogen compounds having formula (I) above in aqueous binary silver-bismuth electroplating compositions in an acidic environment enables deposition of silver rich binary silver-bismuth alloys on a substrate such that the silver rich binary silver-bismuth alloys have substantially the good electrical properties of a silver deposit, specifically, low electrical contact resistance. In addition, the silver rich binary silver-bismuth alloy deposits good mechanical wear resistance. The silver rich binary silver-bismuth deposits are uniform and matte to semi-bright in appearance. The binary silver-bismuth alloy electroplating compositions of the present invention are stable.

Problems solved by technology

However, its use as a contact finish for, example, electrical connectors are limited because of their poor resistance to mechanical wear and high silver-on-silver coefficient of friction.

The poor resistance to mechanical wear results in the connector becoming physically damaged after a relatively low number of insertion-deinsertion cycles of the connector.

A high coefficient of friction contributes to this wear problem.

When connectors have a high coefficient of friction, the force required to insert and deinsert the connector is very high and this can damage the connector or limit the connector design options.

Silver alloy deposits, such as silver-antimony and silver-tin, result in improved wear properties but have unacceptably poor contact resistance, especially after exposure to high temperatures for prolonged periods of time.

Since many silver salts are substantially water-insoluble and silver salts which are water-soluble often form insoluble salts with various compounds commonly present in plating baths, the plating industry is faced with numerous challenges to formulate a silver or silver alloy plating bath which is stable long enough for practical plating applications and addresses at least the foregoing problems.

However, cyanide compounds are extremely poisonous.

This results in a rise in treatment costs.

Further, since these baths can only be used in the alkaline range, the types of alloying metals are limited because most metals are not soluble in alkaline environments.

Further, exposure of substrates to alkaline baths can cause passivation of the surfaces of the substrates, thus making the surfaces difficult to plate.

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