The invention discloses an intelligent checking and book borrowing system based on the Internet of Things and bookshelves. The system comprises a controller, a borrowing and returning information module, a mobile code scanning module, a borrowing and returning code scanning module, a display module, a positioning query module, a mobile terminal, a query counting module, a database, an entering module, a sub-controller, an information interaction module, a first-level prompting unit, a second-level prompting unit and a third-level prompting unit. According to the system of the invention, the position of a book in a library can be quickly positioned through the positioning query module and the sub-controller; the book search efficiency of a user and the book check and sorting efficiency of library workers can be greatly improved; and a lot of searching time is saved. With the system adopted, when the user inquires the position of a book, the user can see the inventory condition of the queried book in the library at present, so that the reader can be prevented from searching the book in the case that the book is not in the library, and therefore, a lot of time is saved.