Method for preparing cationic alkyl polyglycoside surfactant

Abstract

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a cationic alkyl polyglycoside surfactant with high service performance, which is reasonable in process. The structure of the cationic alkyl polyglycoside surfactant is shown below, wherein R1 and R2 are long-chain alkyls having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms; and n which is the average degree of polymerization of alkyl polyglucoside is 1.1 to 3.0, preferably 1.5 to 2.0. In the invention, by reasonably regulating the addition mode and mixing ratio of reaction raw materials and optimally selecting a reaction temperature and a reaction time, the technique of the invention is reasonable, energy-saving and environment-friendly, no toxic and harmful matters are produced in a process, the technique is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, the requirements on equipment are low, cost is reduced effectively, more equipment investment and energy consumption are reduced, industrialization can be realized more easily, the product quality is more stable, and the performance is higher.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a preparation method of a cationic alkyl polyglycoside surfactant, which belongs to the technical field of organic compound synthesis. Background technique [0002] Surfactant is a kind of substance that is easy to accumulate at the interface, thereby changing the properties of the interface and having a significant impact on the interface process. With the development of surfactants and the improvement of the overall industrial level, surfactants have entered various fields of the national economy and national pillar industries from household washing and personal protection products in daily life, such as energy industry, preparation of new materials, Environmental engineering, metallurgy, electronics, machinery, agriculture and other fields, it is a load "functional" chemical material, which can effectively improve the process of related industries, improve efficiency, improve product quality, save energy and improve the envi...

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Problems solved by technology

[0006] At present, regarding the synthesis research of cationic alkyl polyglycoside surfactants, it is introduced in Japanese Patent JP03287596 that the reaction of alkyl polyglycosides with acrylonitrile is followed by catalytic hydrogenation to generate 3-aminopropyl alkyl polyglycosides, and then Utilize methyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate to carry out quaternization reaction to it to obtain cationic alkyl polyglycoside surfactant, but this reaction process will be carried out under 10.13MPa, 120 ℃, and reaction is difficult to control; In German patent DE4413686 also has It is reported that under the condition of the presence of a solvent, the alkyl polyglycoside is reacted with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, or (2,3-epoxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, However, the monomers used in this reaction are not easy to obtain, and the presence of solvents has a certain impact on the environment.

Domestic "Fine Petrochemical Progress" reported in the second issue of March 1999 that chlorohydrin glycosides were synthesized by the reaction of glucose epichlorohydrin, and then quaternized with tertiary amines prepared from primary amines to generate a glycoside-containing quaternary Ammonium salt surfactant, but this method has many steps, and the residue of tertiary amine in the product is easy to affect the performance of the product. In addition, the product uses glucose as the group, which cannot fully realize the excellent performance of the product; "Guangdong Chemical Industry" In the third issue of 2007, it was reported that cationic alkyl glycoside surfactants were prepared by reacting long-chain alkyl glycosides with epichlorohydrin and then reacting with long-chain tertiary amines, but there was also the problem of tertiary amine residues

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