4-bit RISC (reduced instruction-set computer) microcontroller

Abstract

The invention provides a 4-bit RISC (Reduced Instruction-Set Computer) microcontroller comprising a control module, a program memory, a register file, a reset module, a clock module and at least one peripheral function module; the control module comprises an instruction register, an instruction encoder, a stack, an ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and a program counter; a two-level two-phase assembly line architecture is adopted; each instruction cycle is divided into a first phase and a second phase; in the first phase, the control module completes the operations of stack warehousing, program memory reading, register reading, instruction encoding and ALU arithmetic; and in the second phase, the control module completes the operations of stack pulling, instruction register latching, register writing and program counter rewriting. The invention further provides an intelligent toy comprising a control chip. The control chip has improved voice playing effect and lower production cost.

Description

technical field [0001] The present invention relates to the field of integrated circuit design. More specifically, the present invention relates to a low-cost multifunctional smart toy core control chip. Background technique [0002] There are many types of microcontrollers. From the perspective of data bus width, there are four-bit microcontrollers, eight-bit microcontrollers, sixteen-bit microcontrollers, and thirty-two-bit microcontrollers. From the perspective of instruction architecture, there are complex instruction sets. (Complex Instruction Set Computer, CISC) microcontroller and Reduced Instruction Set (Reduced Instruction Set Computer, RISC) microcontroller, etc. From the perspective of architecture, the core control chip used for smart toys must integrate some special peripherals, such as voice memory, voice output drive circuit, LCD / LED drive circuit, etc. Such a control chip also needs to have sufficient voice control commands in addition to ordinary calculati...

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Problems solved by technology

But its shortcomings are also obvious, such as: (1) voice memory is generally 8-bit wide, and the CPU core is also 8-bit, using 16-bit instruction coding bit width, resulting in a large chip area and high cost; (2) voice algorithm Implemented by software, it takes up program memory space and CPU running time, which is not conducive to processing other processes when playing voice. At the same time, an additional timer is added to the calculation of the sampling rate, and the CPU enters the voice processing program by means of interrupts, which increases the processing time. system resources, and the calculated sampling rate is not accurate enough. If the voice algorithm is too complicated and the amount of program required is too large, it may cause uneven voice output speed and affect the voice effect; The control of the control is realized through the operation of the corresponding bits of the corresponding special function registers, and these bits are usually unaddressable bits, so it is easy to cause misoperation, and at the same time, it is not easy to judge the end of the voice; (4) Realize the voice algorithm with software , so that the application engineer must develop the voice algorithm and organize the voice data to be written into the voice memory, which increases the difficulty of program development and the design of development tools; (5) Generally, such controllers lack LCD driver modules, which narrows the scope of application

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