Liquid-state near-net forming method and device for continuous carbon fiber enhanced aluminum-based composite material

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid-state near-net forming method and device for a continuous carbon fiber enhanced aluminum-based composite material, namely a vacuum-assisted pressure-adjusting and infiltration casting method and device. The method comprises four procedures of smelting an alloy and pre-heating fibers, carrying out vacuum-assisted pressure-adjusting and infiltration, condensing at a high pressure and cooling rapidly. The device is composed of an alloy smelting device, a vacuum-assisted pressure-adjusting and infiltration device and a casting rapid cooling device. The liquid-state near-net forming method and device have the characteristics that (1) low-oxygen and temperature-controllable pre-heating of nickel-plated carbon fibers is realized; (2) low-pressure infiltration and high-pressure condensation of the aluminum-based composite material are realized; (3) the control of a cooling speed in the condensation of a composite material casting is realized. According to the liquid-state near-net forming method and device for the continuous carbon fiber enhanced aluminum-based composite material, oxidization and burning loss caused by pre-heating the carbon fibers, prefabricated body deformation in the infiltration process and interface reaction problems in the condensation process of the composite material are solved. The liquid-state near-net forming of the continuous carbon fiber enhanced aluminum-based composite material can be realized and the prepared composite material has the advantages of dense tissues, few interface reactions, high mechanical properties and the like.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of liquid near-net forming of high-performance metal-based composite materials, and in particular relates to a method and device for liquid-state near-net forming of continuous carbon fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite materials. Background technique [0002] Carbon fiber continuous reinforced aluminum matrix composites have excellent mechanical and physical properties, and have broad application prospects in high-tech engineering fields such as aerospace and advanced weapons. At present, the main preparation methods of this composite material are: solid-state high-temperature diffusion bonding method, extrusion Casting method, vacuum suction casting method and vacuum pressure infiltration method. Among them, the high-temperature diffusion bonding method has the advantages of less damage to fibers and strong designability of composite materials. The disadvantages are: complex process and high production cost; s...

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Problems solved by technology

Among them, the high-temperature diffusion bonding method has the advantages of less damage to fibers and strong designability of composite materials. The disadvantages are: complex process and high production cost; squeeze casting method has high composite pressure, complete liquid infiltration, can eliminate pores and Shrinkage cavity and other defects, improving the mechanical properties of composite materials, etc., but the disadvantages are: the shape of the casting is limited, it is difficult to achieve near-net shape, and the preform is easy to be damaged and cracked under high pressure, resulting in casting defects; the vacuum suction casting method can reduce the composite material. The occurrence of casting defects such as bubbles and inclusions in the material, the vacuum environment can also avoid the oxidation of aluminum liquid and fibers, but the disadvantages are: the wettability of fibers and aluminum liquid is poor, and high-temperature aluminum liquid is prone to serious interface reactions with fibers and damage Composite properties

The advantage of the vacuum pressure infiltration method is that the preparation process is simple, composite parts with complex shapes can be prepared, and the near-net shape of the composite material can be realized. Surface modification of carbon fibers to enhance their wettability with molten aluminum and control interfacial reactions

However, the current vacuum pressure infiltration process of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites has the following two deficiencies: (1) Surface oxidation and burning during preheating of nickel-plated carbon fibers not only damage the properties of the fiber itself, but also reduce its contact with aluminum The wettability of the liquid makes it difficult to prepare by low-pressure impregnation; (2) The contact time between the nickel-plated carbon fiber and the aluminum liquid is long at high temperature, and serious interface reactions will occur, which not only damages the integrity and performance of the fiber itself, but also easily generates a large amount of Interfacial brittle phase, thus deteriorating the mechanical properties of composite materials

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