Device for treating and recycling aluminum electrolysis solid waste

Abstract

A device for treating and recycling aluminum electrolysis solid waste comprises a furnace shell, a furnace cover, a furnace lining, a fire wall fireproof material wall, a furnace bottom fireproof material lining, a resistance heating body, a fireproof material wall in the middle in a furnace, an alkali metal crystallizer, a heat isolation cover plate, a metal cover, electrodes, an auxiliary material chamber, an electrolyte crystallization chamber and an alkali metal crystallization chamber. The resistance heating body is composed of waste cathode carbon block fragments with the particle diameter smaller than 10 cm. According to the device, carbon, alkali metal and electrolytes in waste cathode carbon blocks and a carbon lining can be thoroughly separated, and the device is an energy-saving and environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis solid waste treating device and is very suitable for being applied and popularized in industry on a large scale.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy and environment, and in particular relates to a device for processing and recycling aluminum electrolysis solid waste. Background technique [0002] Aluminum in the industry is produced by electrolysis using a cryolite-alumina electrolyte system at a temperature of 950~980°C. During the aluminum electrolysis production process, the following four types of solid waste are produced: [0003] 1. Waste cathode carbon block. The waste cathode carbon block of aluminum electrolytic cell refers to the cathode carbon block and side carbon block taken out from the damaged electrolytic cell after a period of electrolysis of the aluminum electrolytic cell after the bottom of the cell is damaged, including the side carbon block The carbon block formed by tamping paste between the block and the bottom cathode carbon block, and the carbon block formed by the tamping paste between the cathode carbon blocks at...

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Problems solved by technology

[0005] 3. Anode carbon residue

As early as the 1950s, people began to study how to deal with and recycle the waste cathode carbon blocks and carbon slag produced by aluminum electrolytic cells. There are no more than three methods: 1. As an additive in other chemical production processes, such as The waste cathode carbon block is ground into powder as an additive in cement production, but this part is used in a small amount, because the fluoride in the waste cathode carbon block will affect the quality of cement because it is used too much, so it is not welcomed by cement manufacturers ; 2 is used as fuel, but there is also a secondary pollution problem as a fuel; 3 is to recycle the electrolyte, which is the most studied method of using flotation to combine the carbon and electrolyte in the anode carbon slag and the spent cathode carbon block However, until now, this method has not been successfully applied in industry, because the electrolyte cannot be completely separated from the spent cathode carbon block by flotation, and the waste water generated by the flotation process is also likely to cause secondary Pollution

In 1958, the US2858198 patent proposed a method of separating the electrolyte components in the spent cathode carbon block of aluminum electrolytic cells by distillation, but the device used in this method was a tower structure, and the heating method was external heating, probably due to Due to complex devices, difficult operation, and high energy consumption, it has not been applied in industry until now.

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