Heavy oil contact cracking method

Abstract

A heavy oil contact cracking method is performed in a cracking reactor. The cracking reactor comprises a pre-lifting section, an oil agent contact reaction area, and an outlet area from bottom to top. The diameter of the outlet area is smaller than the diameter of the oil agent contact reaction area. A sleeve pipe is arranged in the pre-lifting section, the diameter of the center of the sleeve pipe is the smallest, and the diameter of the sleeve pipe increases from the center to two ends. The method comprises the following steps: adding a contact agent into the pre-lifting section, making the contact agent enter the oil agent contact reaction area through the pre-lifting section, making heavy oil and the contact agent carry out contact cracking reactions in the oil agent contact reaction area; and discharging the products obtained in contact reactions out of the cracking reactor from the outlet area. The provided method can carry out a cracking treatment on heavy oil, and has the advantages that the coking on the wall of the reactor is reduced, the generation of coke is reduced, and the yield of light oil products is increased.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a heavy oil contact cracking method. Background technique [0002] With the development of the world economy, the demand for light and clean fuel oil is also growing rapidly, and the degree of heavy and inferior crude oil worldwide is intensified, mainly manifested in high density, high viscosity, high carbon residue, and high heavy metal content , sulfur, nitrogen content, etc., and the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements have brought many new problems to the oil refining industry. [0003] At present, the processing mechanism of heavy oil is mainly divided into two types: decarburization and hydrogenation. Hydrogenation mainly includes hydrofining, hydrocracking and so on. The hydrogenation process of oil refining is of great significance to increase the depth of crude oil processing, improve product quality, and increase the yield of light oil. However, the operating temperature and pressure of the...

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Problems solved by technology

However, the fixed bed has the following disadvantages: the heat transfer efficiency of the fixed bed is low, the heat of reaction cannot be fully removed (or replenished), the temperature distribution in the catalyst layer is uneven, and the temperature in the bed is not easy to control for the forced exothermic heat-limited reaction, which is easy to cause overheating Wait

If the feed is all low-quality heavy oil, it is easy to cause the catalyst to block the pores of the particles due to heavy oil covering the surface of the particles, affecting the activity of the molecular sieve, resulting in rapid deactivation of the catalyst, resulting in an increase in the coke yield, and affecting the stable operation of the device.

It can be seen that the catalytic cracking process is no longer suitable for the cracking of inferior heavy oil, so the researchers developed heavy oil contact cracking, the contact agent used has a certain activity, but the traditional riser device is not suitable for the processing requirements of inferior heavy oil, Need to develop a new reactor structure to adapt to it

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