A kind of preparation method of nanofiber air filter material with thickness combination with gradient structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a thick and fine combined nanofiber air filtering material with a gradient structure and a preparation method of the nanofiber air filtering material. The filtering material comprises a non-woven fabric base material, at least three thick and fine combined nanofiber filtering layers with the gradient structure and a non-woven fabric covering layer from bottom to top. The preparation method comprises steps as follows: relatively thick nanofibers are blended in relatively fine nanofibers uniformly, the content of the relatively thick nanofibers is controlled to be gradually increased from bottom to top in the thickness direction of the filtering material by adjusting the mass ratio of a spinning solution for spinning the relatively thick nanofibers to a spinning solution for spinning the relatively fine nanofibers, and the thick and fine combined nanofiber air filtering material with the gradient structure is obtained. The non-woven fabric base material, the thick and fine combined nanofiber filtering layers and the non-woven fabric covering layer are composited with a hot rolling process, and the air filtering material with a sandwich structure is obtained. The preparation process is simple, the fiber structure can be accurately controlled, the prepared filtering material has high filtering efficiency, the resistance pressure drop is small, the dust holding capacity is high, and the mechanical performance is good.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a thickness-combined nanofiber air filter material with a gradient structure and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrospinning nanofiber air filter material preparation. Background technique [0002] With the rapid development of my country's industrialization and the sharp increase in car ownership, the problem of air pollution has become increasingly serious, especially in recent years, severe weather such as smog and sandstorms that have frequently occurred in most parts of my country has caused serious damage to people's health and quality of life. Therefore, the demand for air filter materials is increasing, and the requirements for its filtration performance are also increasing. Electrospun nanofibers have the characteristics of small fiber diameter, large specific surface area, and strong structure controllability. The composite filter material prepared by combining it with the substr...

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Problems solved by technology

At present, the disclosed technologies for preparing electrospun nanofiber composite filter materials include "a nanofiber filter material and its preparation method" (CN105040271A), "a cellulose nano / micro fiber non-woven composite filter material and its preparation method" (CN102908829A), "A Preparation Method of Electrospinning-Based Composite Nanofiber Material for Filters" (CN101829454A), and Research on Filtration Performance of Electrospun Polylactic Acid Nanofiber Composite Filter Material (Paper), Electrospun PAN Nanofiber Porous Microstructure and Filtration Performance of Membranes (Thesis) and Structural Properties and Simulation of Electrospun Nanofiber / Nonwoven Composite Filtration Materials (Master's Thesis), these are electrospun nanofibers of single diameter deposited directly on the receiving substrate Form a nanofiber composite filter material, and improve its filtration efficiency by controlling the process conditions to reduce the diameter of the nanofiber and increase the thickness of the nanofiber membrane. However, the prepared nanofiber composite filter material generally has a large resistance pressure drop and a clean air output. Therefore, the development of high-efficiency and low-resistance nanofiber composite filter materials has become one of the focuses in the field of filter materials.

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