Cracking furnace for acetylene production by partial oxidation of natural gas

Abstract

The invention relates to acetylene cracking equipment, and in particular relates to a cracking furnace for acetylene production by partial oxidation of natural gas. The cracking furnace includes a mixer, a burner plate, a furnace body and a water quenching device; the furnace body is internally hollow, the upper end of the furnace body is provided with an opening; the burner plate is hermetically installed on the opening end of the furnace body, the lower end of the burner plate is provided with an internally-hollow gas reaction chamber with upper and lower openings, the gas reaction chamber is located in the opening end of the furnace body; the mixer is hermetically installed on the upper end of the burner plate, and a gas outlet end is communicated with the gas reaction chamber; the water quenching device is arranged in the furnace body, and is located below the gas reaction chamber and near the gas reaction chamber; the furnace body has an igniter, and the igniting end of the igniter extends into the gas reaction chamber. The cracking furnace has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, uniform gas mixing, high mixed gas combustion efficiency, convenient cleaning of carbon coke, high production efficiency, and effective reduction of production cost.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to acetylene cracking equipment, in particular to a cracking furnace for producing acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas. Background technique [0002] The acetylene cracking furnace is the core equipment for the partial oxidation of natural gas to produce acetylene. Natural gas and oxygen are first heated to about 650°C through the preheating furnace respectively, and then enter the acetylene cracking furnace mixer for rapid mixing. Then the mixed gas passes through multiple mixing nozzles of the burner plate, is ignited by the igniter, and oxidizes and pyrolyzes in the reaction chamber. About 60% of the natural gas is flame-combusted with oxygen, releasing a lot of heat at the same time. About 30% of the natural gas undergoes cracking reaction under these heat conditions, and about 5% of the natural gas does not participate in the reaction, but exists in the final cracked gas in the form of methane. The process reacts...

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Problems solved by technology

The height of the acetylene cracking furnace is more than 12 meters, which limits the installation space to a certain extent

The mixer not only has a complicated internal structure, but also has a very large overall size, requiring on-site assembly

On the one hand, it brings great inconvenience to the assembly work. On the other hand, it is difficult to ensure the assembly accuracy of the equipment on-site assembly, which affects the life of the equipment and production efficiency.

In order to match the distribution of the mixing nozzle, the sleeve flange of the burner plate is designed as a hexagon at the end of the inner hole to meet the nozzle, which brings inconvenience to the machining

The burner plate reaction chamber of the existing acetylene cracking furnace has a polygonal prism structure. Due to the existence of the folded line edges of the prism, the force on the reaction chamber is very uneven during the carbon scraping process, which not only affects the efficiency of carbon scraping, but also easily damages the equipment. It is also difficult to realize the function of automatic carbon scraping

The currently operating water quenching device for acetylene cracking furnace is divided into three layers or one layer arrangement. The three layer arrangement has too many nozzles and the diameter of the nozzle hole is too small to cause blockage; the first layer arrangement has poor cooling effect because the water volume is too concentrated.

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