Rare earth element ion extraction method and obtained rare earth enrichment liquid

Abstract

The invention relates to a rare earth element ion extraction method. The rare earth element ion extraction method comprises the following steps that bubbles of which the surfaces are coated with extraction liquid are added into a water solution containing rare earth ions, the bubbles break after floating, and reversed-phase extraction is performed on an organic phase to obtain rare earth enrichment liquid. As the extraction liquid is dispersed on the surfaces of the bubbles with extremely small sizes and led into a rare earth ion solution, the rare earth solution and an organic extracting agent are in two-phase contact under the condition of an extremely large volume ratio, efficient extraction of low-concentration rare earth ions can be realized on the premise of not performing saponification pretreatment on the extraction liquid, and nitrogenous or concentrated salt wastewater cannot be produced; the original extracting agent can be recycled after reversed-phase extraction is performed on the organic phase; and the rare earth element ion extraction method has the advantages of saving energy, protecting the environment and being simple in process and economical in product.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rare earth separation, in particular to a method for extracting rare earth element ions and a rare earth enrichment solution obtained by extraction. Background technique [0002] The rare earth elements needed to be extracted from primary ore or associated ores containing rare earth elements usually adopt two methods: pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgy refers to the use of silicon thermal reduction, molten salt electrolysis or The preparation of rare earth metals or their alloys by metallothermic reduction method, due to the huge energy consumption of pyrometallurgy, the dust pollution and waste water and waste residues produced seriously pollute the environment. Now the more advanced technology is to use hydrometallurgy to prepare rare earth metals, that is, to use acid Or alkali dissolves the rare earth oxides in the ore in the solution, and the rare earth elements are enriched by common...

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Problems solved by technology

(2) Select multiple extractants to use as composite extractants, for example: CN200510098261.2 selects composite extractants to extract and separate rare earth elements, and strongly acidic phosphorus extractants are combined with weakly acidic extractants to reduce the presence of weakly acidic extractants in The supersaturated emulsification that is easy to occur during the extraction process, the need to add additional acid, etc., is equivalent to using different extractants to perform saponification treatment with each other, but this method is only suitable for rare earth solutions with higher concentrations, and the pH of rare earth solutions Values ​​are strictly required

(3) Use the exchange reaction of easy-to-extract rare-earth elements and refractory rare-earth elements to avoid the influence of hydrogen ions. For example, CN200610057908.1 adopts the non-saponifiable acidic organic phosphate extractant to mix with the aqueous solution containing refractory rare-earth elements to obtain the hard-to-load Extract the organic phase of rare earth elements, and then use the loaded organic phase to exchange the easy-to-extractable rare-earth elements in the water phase, so that the easy-to-extractable rare-earth elements are extracted into the organic phase, and the difficult-to-extract rare earth elements are enriched in the water phase. This method actually It is also a kind of saponification reaction, and the extraction efficiency is not high

(4) Use alkaline extractant to extract, for example, adopt quaternary ammonium salt or ionic liquid as extractant in CN102618736A, so there is no need for saponification, but the separation effect of alkaline extractant to heavy rare earth is poor, and the extraction reaction speed is slow

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