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A method for sorting and recycling valuable components of waste power lithium batteries

A lithium battery and power technology, which is applied in the field of secondary resource recovery and utilization, can solve problems such as unfavorable industrial production, waste of resources, and poor electrochemical performance, and achieve the effects of simplifying the steps of discharge treatment, improving production efficiency, and reducing emissions

Active Publication Date: 2020-12-04
湖南江冶新能源科技股份有限公司
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  • Abstract
  • Description
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  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0005] Chinese patent (publication number CN106636649A) discloses a method for recycling power lithium ion positive electrode materials of waste lithium batteries. It specifically discloses that the positive electrode sheet obtained by dismantling is treated at high temperature to remove the binder to obtain the positive electrode material, and then sintered to obtain power after high-speed ball milling. Lithium ion, this method does not recycle and reuse valuable elements such as negative electrode graphite, copper, aluminum, etc., and directly re-sinters the recovered positive electrode material without any treatment, and its electrochemical performance is poor
[0006] Chinese patent (publication number CN101921917A) discloses a method for recycling valuable metals from waste lithium batteries), and Chinese patent (CN107240731A) discloses a method for recycling waste power lithium-ion batteries. These two patent technologies focus on both It is the recovery of lithium element, other valuable components are not recovered, and the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil generated during high temperature pyrolysis are not treated, which will easily cause environmental pollution and waste of resources
Chinese patent (CN 107946686 A) discloses a method for recycling waste lithium-ion batteries. Through steps such as dismantling, drying, crushing, sieving, and color sorting, it can finally be recovered from waste lithium-ion batteries: battery case, electrode powder, diaphragm fragments, electrolyte, copper metal particles and aluminum metal particles to realize the recovery of all components, but the patent does not involve the recovery of the electrolyte solute lithium hexafluorophosphate, and it mainly pulverizes the inner core. As a result, the metal content in the pole powder is high, and the precision of color sorting will be greatly reduced if the metal is too finely crushed. At the same time, the battery shell and inner core are separated by manual disassembly. The steps are cumbersome, which is not conducive to industrial production.

Method used

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  • A method for sorting and recycling valuable components of waste power lithium batteries
  • A method for sorting and recycling valuable components of waste power lithium batteries

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0056] 1) The charged scrap lithium iron phosphate battery is crushed in a shear crusher with a sealed cavity and nitrogen protection; during the crushing process, an organic solvent is used to absorb the electrolyte evaporated from the crusher;

[0057] 2) Use a multi-component screening winnowing machine to screen out fine-grained materials from the crushed products, and then use a vertical winnowing machine to sort out light product diaphragms, heavy product shells, pile heads, plastics, and copper foil, Aluminum foil, positive and negative materials;

[0058] 3) The sieve used in step 2 is a sieve hole of 2cm, and the broken product is sieved into two particle sizes of coarse and fine, and the diaphragm in the material is sorted out using a horizontal winnowing machine. It is 13m / s. After secondary separation, the recovery rate of metal is 98.66%, and the recovery rate of diaphragm is 86.18%;

[0059] 4) Immerse the diaphragm collected by winnowing into a clarified lime a...

Embodiment 2

[0068] Use the crushing equipment in Example 1 to crush the waste lithium manganate power lithium-ion battery and evaporate and absorb the electrolyte at low temperature, use a vertical negative pressure winnowing machine to separate the diaphragm and metal, and separate the lithium-ion battery containing The high-temperature pyrolysis of the positive and negative electrode materials, the carbonization of the binder, and the subsequent treatment process are the same as in Example 1. The recovery rate of the final positive and negative electrode active materials was 97.3%, the impurity content was 0.187% Al, Cu 0.087%, the recovery rate of copper was 99.1%, the recovery rate of aluminum was 97.8%, and the recovery rate of separator was 90.3%.

Embodiment 3

[0070] Use the crushing equipment in Example 1 to crush the waste power lithium-ion battery and evaporate and absorb the electrolyte at low temperature, and then use a low-temperature decomposition furnace to decompose lithium hexafluorophosphate. The decomposed HF is absorbed by lye, and the lye after absorption is used regularly. Lime water precipitates the F element in it. A vertical negative pressure air separator was used to separate the separator from the metal, and the metal containing the positive and negative materials was pyrolyzed at 600°C under a nitrogen atmosphere to carbonize the binder, and the subsequent treatment process was the same as in Example 1.

[0071] The recovery rate of the final positive and negative electrode active materials is 99%, the impurity content is Al 0.10%, Cu1.8%, other 0.1%, the recovery rate of copper is 99.1%, the recovery rate of aluminum is 97.75%, and the recovery rate of separator is 98% %.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for separating and recovering valuable components of waste power lithium batteries. The method is that the waste power lithium batteries are electrified and crushed, the organic solvent is volatilized and recovered, the lithium hexafluorophosphate is innocuously treated, and the light material, the heavy material and the intermediate weight material are sorted by amulti-component screening wind separator. Recovering diaphragm from light material, pyrolyzing intermediate weight material and powder, recovering pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas generated from pyrolysis as auxiliary fuel, separating aluminum foil and copper foil by color separation after pyrolysis residue is separated by intelligent kneading and washing machine, and separating shell, pile head and plastic from heavy material. The waste water and waste gas in the whole process of the method are treated centrally, no pollutants are discharged, and the whole component in the waste power lithiumbattery can be recovered efficiently. At the same time, the method fully realizes waste rebenefit, reduces energy consumption, reduces environmental pollution, and the process is simple and applicable to a wide range of batteries.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a treatment method for waste power lithium batteries, in particular to a method for separating and recovering aluminum, copper, positive electrode active materials and graphite from waste power lithium ion batteries, and belongs to the field of secondary resource recovery and utilization. Background technique [0002] Power lithium batteries are currently in a stage of rapid development. Taking my country as an example, the installed capacity of lithium batteries increased from 3.7Gwh in 2014 to 15.7Gwh in 2015, with a growth rate of 324.3%, among which power lithium-ion batteries accounted for 69.1% of the total installed capacity, becoming the most important Power lithium battery material. According to the corresponding scrap standards, the power lithium battery scrap battery market has begun to take shape. It is expected that by 2018, China's power battery waste recycling market will begin to take shape, with a cumulative wa...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Patents(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M10/54
CPCH01M10/54Y02W30/84
Inventor 刘维吴光辉韩俊伟王振云覃文庆刘心焦芬颜宏伟钟雪虎刘桐甄必波
Owner 湖南江冶新能源科技股份有限公司
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