Carbon nanomaterial with high grafting rate, and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a carbon nanomaterial with a high grafting rate. The method comprises the following steps: using water as a solvent, adding a carbon nanomaterial body selected in step 1 into a reaction container, and performing uniform mixing, wherein the concentration of the carbon nanomaterial body is 0.01-3%; continuously adding LiOH.H2O into the reaction container, wherein a mass ratio of LiOH.H2O to the carbon nanomaterial body is (0.5-1):1; placing the reaction container in an ultrasonic generator, performing ultrasonic treatment at normal temperature under a power of 250 W or above for 1-2 h, and continuously introducing carbon dioxide in the ultrasonic treatment process; heating the reaction container to 95-105 DEG C after the ultrasonic treatment isfinished, continuously performing stirring for 6-12 h, and naturally cooling the obtained material to room temperature; and carrying out a hydration reaction on the material in the reaction containerwith 2.5 kPa water vapor for 10-60 min, filtering the obtained solution, and washing and vacuum-drying the obtained product to obtain the carbon nanomaterial with the high graft rate. The method hasthe advantages of simplicity in operation, mild reaction conditions, and high average grafting rate of 90% or above.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a treatment method for carbon nanomaterials, in particular to a treatment method capable of increasing the grafting ratio of carbon nanomaterials. Background technique [0002] At present, carbon nanomaterials (including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.) have shown application value in many fields, such as functional fibers, water-based coatings, lubricants, plastics, rubber, etc. However, carbon nanomaterials have a unique two-dimensional nanostructure, making their uniform dispersion in the system still a difficult point in the process of industrialization. Grafting and modifying it is an effective means to solve this difficulty: Publication No. CN105732917B discloses a preparation method of reduced graphene oxide grafted polyacrylonitrile, and the grafting rate of polyacrylonitrile grafted modified graphene is 20%-75%; Publication No. CN101831130A discloses a method for grafting polyvinylpyrrolidone on the surfa...

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Problems solved by technology

However, carbon nanomaterials have a unique two-dimensional nanostructure, making their uniform dispersion in the system still a difficult point in the process of industrialization

Grafting and modifying it is an effective means to solve this difficulty: Publication No. CN105732917B discloses a preparation method of reduced graphene oxide grafted polyacrylonitrile, and the grafting rate of polyacrylonitrile grafted modified graphene is 20%-75%; Publication No. CN101831130A discloses a method for grafting polyvinylpyrrolidone on the surface of graphene, without mentioning the grafting rate; Publication No. CN103992448B discloses a polymer-grafted carbon nanotube and its preparation method, The amination ratio of carbon nanotubes is 0.45wt%, which improves the dispersibility in water, but the grafting rate is not mentioned; introducing a large number of defects into graphene is an effective method to improve its grafting rate, and the latest literature (Adv .Mater.DOI: 10.1002 / adma.201808091) reported that theoretical calculation results show that lithium adsorption and defect formation in graphene promote each other during the electrochemical cycle, forming an "avalanche effect" of lithium adsorption and carbon structure defection, but It is only theoretically feasible. At present, there is still no very effective method to combine graphene defect with high grafting rate in industry.

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