Chromium-free iron-based catalysts for water gas shift reactions and methods of use thereof
A technology of conversion reaction and chromium catalyst, which is applied in chemical instruments and methods, physical/chemical process catalysts, metal/metal oxide/metal hydroxide catalysts, etc., and can solve problems such as insufficient wear resistance
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Embodiment 1
[0064] Embodiment 1. microreactor system.
[0065] The performance of an exemplary high temperature water gas shift catalyst was evaluated with a simulated synthesis gas mixture in a packed bed microreactor system. The process flow diagram of the microreactor system is shown in figure 2 middle.
[0066] Reactants and purge gases are supplied from high pressure cylinders. The gas flow is controlled and monitored by a mass flow controller (MFC). The gas supply line downstream of the MFC was heat traced to preheat the feed gas. The reactor was a 0.5 inch OD stainless steel tube surrounded by a heating mantle heated uniformly using a band heater. The power output to these band heaters was controlled by feedback from a K-type thermocouple inside the reactor vessel. The temperature of the catalyst bed was monitored and the reactor heater was controlled using a 0.0625" diameter dual K-type thermocouple inserted in a 0.125" thermowell through a drill-through Swagelok fitting. P...
Embodiment 2
[0072] Example 2. Catalyst performance of industrial catalysts
[0073] The performance of commercially available high temperature water gas shift catalysts was evaluated for comparison with the performance of the catalysts described herein. Using Shiftmax available from Clariant As a comparative industrial catalyst. Shiftmax Fe / Cr catalysts for high temperature water gas shift reactions in fixed bed reactors. Figure 3A and 3B Demonstrates the performance of industrial catalysts. Figure 3A shows CO conversion as a function of temperature, and Figure 3B CO conversion is shown for 500 hours of onstream time.
[0074] Figure 3A The maximum CO conversion was shown to occur at approximately 400°C, and the conversion was observed to decrease with both increasing and decreasing this temperature. These results imply that the WGS reaction on commercial catalysts is kinetically limited at temperatures below 400°C and thermodynamically limited above 400°C. Figure 3B Shows...
Embodiment 3
[0075] Example 3. Effect of Iron Concentration on Catalyst Activity
[0076] A series of catalysts with different ferric oxide contents ranging from 0 to 65 wt% were prepared and tested for performance. Table 4 lists the iron content of the prepared catalysts. Additional components are not included in the table. Amounts indicated are in wt% of the total catalyst weight.
[0077] Table 4. Characterization results of catalyst samples with different iron contents
[0078]
[0079] Characterization results of the catalyst revealed that water gas shift catalysts with up to 50% iron sesquioxide exhibited attrition resistance of less than 6%. However, when the iron content was increased to greater than 50 wt%, the attrition number jumped from 1.57% to 65%. In addition, the density exhibits a significant drop when ferric oxide is increased to greater than 50 wt%. The BET surface area remains relatively consistent over the range of iron concentrations studied (about 60 to about...
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