Efficient current monitoring for DC-DC converters

Abstract

The present invention achieves technical advantages as a current monitoring circuit for DC-DC switching converters, including a track and latch comparator circuit (30) having a preamplifier (32) that is controlled independently of a latch circuit (34). Advantageously, the comparator is small and operates very fast and with improved sensitivity. For example, the preamplifier circuit is disabled when the latch stage is making its decision to avoid noise and input disturbances from affecting the latch stage. This selective disabling feature speeds up the signal processing of the comparator and allows it to work in parallel with other circuits. The latch stage can make its decision later, regardless of any further activity at the inputs of the comparator.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention is generally related to DC-DC switching converters, and more particularly to current monitoring of these converters. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Current monitoring and overcurrent trip circuits are typically used in high current voltage regulation IC's, including DC-DC switching converters. These circuits protect the IC, and / or the other circuits to which the regulator is supplying current, in applications such as computers, communications, and industrial machinery. Without over current monitoring, both the switching regulator itself and the circuits powered by the regulator may overheat and collapse when there is too much current being supplied to the load. [0003] In a conventional DC-DC converter, a switching transistor (switcher) is turned ON to pass a noisy input voltage to the output as a quiet, well regulated output voltage that is sourcing a large current. This current may be monitored a number of ways. A typical curr...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0008] The present invention achieves technical advantages as a current monitoring circuit for DC-DC switching converters, including a track and latch comparator circuit having a preamplifier that is controllable independently of a latch circuit. Advantageously, the preamplifier circuit can be disabled when the latch stage is making its decision, such as to avoid noise and input disturbances from affecting the latch stage. This selective disabling feature also speeds up the signal processing of the overall comparator, and allows it to work in parallel with other circuits. The latch stage can make its decision later, regardless of any further activity at the inputs of the comparator.

[0010] The preamplifier includes transistors that may be configured as cascades, but which also may be selectively deactivated. When operating as cascades, the transistors reduce the Miller capacitance seen at the inputs of the comparator and also reduce the current kick back to the inputs from switching transistors, thereby improving the processing speed and sensitivity of the comparator.

[0011] Advantageously, current in the preamplifier stage may be mirrored, the mirrored current pre-loading the latch stage transistors with current, saving time so that when the rising edge of the latch enabling signal occurs, the latch stage already has started towards making a decision.

[0012] The present invention has fewer switching devices at the input of the circuit where it is critical to have quiet circuitry to avoid degrading the input signals. The comparator of the present invention utilizes a technique novel to and optimized for current trip monitoring providing a faster decision circuit, allowing a reduction of the size of an inductor needed at the output of the DC-DC converter and allowing larger input-to-output voltage conversion ratio, when when the PH pulse becomes very narrow in width. The present invention is smaller than conventional current limiting circuits with fewer switches and control signals, and has virtually infinite gain and very high sensitivity, even for small differential input voltage over drives.

Problems solved by technology

Without over current monitoring, both the switching regulator itself and the circuits powered by the regulator may overheat and collapse when there is too much current being supplied to the load.

However, cases 1B and 1C give the current limiting circuit very little time to operate and make a decision.

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