Drug/Drug Delivery Systems for the Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Disease

Abstract

A drug and drug delivery system may be utilized in the treatment of vascular disease. A local delivery system is coated with rapamycin or other suitable drug, agent or compound and delivered intraluminally for the treatment and prevention of neointimal hyperplasia following percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography. The local delivery of the drugs or agents provides for increased effectiveness and lower systemic toxicity.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation of pending U.S. application Ser. No. 10 / 829,074, filed Apr. 21, 2004, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09 / 850,293, filed May 7, 2001, abandoned, which in turn claims priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 263,979, filed Jan. 25, 2001, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 263,806, filed Jan. 24, 2001, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 262,614, filed Jan. 18, 2001, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 262,461, filed Jan. 18, 2001, and which is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. Application No. 09,575,480, filed May 19, 2000, now pending, which in turn claims priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 204,417, filed May 12, 2000.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] The present invention relates to drugs and drug delivery systems for the prevention and treatment of vascular disease, and more particularly to drugs and drug...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0020] The drugs and drug delivery systems of the present invention utilize a stent or graft in combination with rapamycin or other drugs / agents / compounds to prevent and treat neointimal hyperplasia, i.e. restenosis, following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stent implantation. It has been determined that rapamycin functions to inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation through a number of mechanisms. It has also been determined that rapamycin eluting stent coatings produce superior effects in humans, when compared to animals, with respect to the magnitude and duration of the reduction in neointimal hyperplasia. Rapamycin administration from a local delivery platform also produces an anti-inflammatory effect in the vessel wall that is distinct from and complimentary to its smooth muscle cell anti-proliferative effect. In addition, it has also been demonstrated that rapamycin inhibits constrictive vascular remodeling in humans.

[0022] The local administration of drugs, agents or compounds to stented vessels have the additional therapeutic benefit of higher tissue concentration than that which would be achievable through the systemic administration of the same drugs, agents or compounds. Other benefits include reduced systemic toxicity, single treatment, and ease of administration. An additional benefit of a local delivery device and drug, agent or compound therapy may be to reduce the dose of the therapeutic drugs, agents or compounds and thus limit their toxicity, while still achieving a reduction in restenosis.

Problems solved by technology

More severe blockage of blood vessels in such individuals often leads to hypertension, ischemic injury, stroke, or myocardial infarction.

A limitation associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is the abrupt closure of the vessel which may occur immediately after the procedure and restenosis which occurs gradually following the procedure.

Additionally, restenosis is a chronic problem in patients who have undergone saphenous vein bypass grafting.

Upon pressure expansion of an intracoronary balloon catheter during angioplasty, smooth muscle cells within the vessel wall become injured, initiating a thrombotic and inflammatory response.

However, in contrast to animal models, attempts in human angioplasty patients to prevent restenosis by systemic pharmacologic means have thus far been unsuccessful.

The platelet GP IIb / IIIa receptor, antagonist, Reopro is still under study but has not shown promising results for the reduction in restenosis following angioplasty and stenting.

These agents must be given systemically, however, and attainment of a therapeutically effective dose may not be possible; anti-proliferative (or anti-restenosis) concentrations may exceed the known toxic concentrations of these agents so that levels sufficient to produce smooth muscle inhibition may not be reached (Mak and Topol, 1997; Lang et al., 1991; Popma et al., 1991).

Currently, however, the most effective treatments for restenosis are repeat angioplasty, atherectomy or coronary artery bypass grafting, because no therapeutic agents currently have Food and Drug Administration approval for use for the prevention of post-angioplasty restenosis.

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