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Membranes with controlled permeability to polar and apolar molecules in solution and methods of making same

a technology of polar molecules and membranes, applied in the field of biocompatible synthetic membranes, can solve the problems of fundamental difficulty in preparing interpenetrating networks

Active Publication Date: 2008-02-14
RGT UNIV OF CALIFORNIA
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0013]Also provided by the invention is a multi-component membrane assembly, in which a membrane of the invention is operatively coupled to a consumptive layer containing enzymes and optionally coupled to one or more protective layers. Such protectiv...

Problems solved by technology

Further, the membrane can be prepared with starting materials known to produce biocompatible polymers, and has been shown to be biocompatible by toxicity testing in tissue culture and by histologic analysis of tissues surrounding implanted devices containing the membrane material.
These incompatibilities present a fundamental difficulty in preparing interpenetrating networks of these polymers.

Method used

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  • Membranes with controlled permeability to polar and apolar molecules in solution and methods of making same
  • Membranes with controlled permeability to polar and apolar molecules in solution and methods of making same
  • Membranes with controlled permeability to polar and apolar molecules in solution and methods of making same

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Glucose Sensor Constructed with Membrane Operated In Vitro

[0138]In addition to being useful in oxygen-based enzyme electrode sensors, the membranes of the invention may also find application in hydrogen peroxide-based enzyme electrode sensors, so-called “wired enzyme” sensors, or other implantable sensors. As a demonstration of usefulness in a hydrogen peroxide-based enzyme electrode sensor for glucose, a sensor plate was again constructed using a Type 2 membrane of the invention. The plate construction method was as described above in “Methods for Production of Type 2 Membranes.” However, for this demonstration, instead of being poised at a cathodic potential for oxygen reduction, the single working electrode of the sensor plate was poised instead at an anodic potential suited for hydrogen peroxide oxidation, and the PDMS layer overlying the working electrode was removed, to allow diffusion of hydrogen peroxide from the immobilized enzyme layer to the workin...

example 2

Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Glucose Sensors Constructed with Membranes Operated In Vitro at Low Oxygen Concentration

[0140]As a further demonstration of usefulness in hydrogen peroxide-based enzyme electrode sensors for glucose, sensor plates were constructed using both Type 1 and Type 2 membranes of the invention. The plate construction method was as described in Example 1, with the addition of a layer of cellulose acetate between the enzyme layer and the underlying electrolyte gel layer, as is understood by those skilled in the art to be useful for reducing the influence of interfering substances. As in Example 1, the working electrodes of the sensor plates were poised at an anodic potential suited for hydrogen peroxide oxidation. The sensor plates were inserted into a port in a thermostatted reaction vessel containing PBS, maintained at 37° C. such that the sensor was immersed in the solution, and the extended sensor plate was connected electrically to the potentiostat instrumentation...

example 3

Oxygen-Based Glucose Sensor Constructed with Membrane Operated as an Implant in a Hamster

[0142]This example describes the operation of sensors incorporating a Type 2 membrane and a sensor body as a glucose sensor implant in an experimental hamster preparation.

[0143]Male Golden Syrian hamsters obtained from Charles River Laboratories, Cambridge, Mass., weighing between 60 and 200 g were housed in standard micro-isolator cages ventilated with HEPA filtered air and were fed Purina Hamster Chow and water ad libitum. Animals were treated in accordance with NIH guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. The window chamber support apparatus, described in detail elsewhere (Milan T. Makale, Joe T. Lin, Richard E. Calou, Amy G. Tsai, Peter C. Chen, and David A. Gough, “Tissue window chamber system for validation of implanted oxygen sensors,” Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 2003; 284: 2288-2294, incorporated herein by this reference), consisted of two titanium alloy frames, e...

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Abstract

A membrane for use in an implantable glucose sensor including at least one crosslinked substantially hydrophobic polymer and at least one crosslinked substantially hydrophilic polymer; wherein the first and second polymers are different polymers and substantially form an interpenetrating polymer network, semi- interpenetrating polymer network, polymer blend, or copolymer. The membranes are generally characterized by providing a permeability ratio of oxygen to glucose of about 1 to about 1000 in units of (mg / dl glucose) per (mmHg oxygen). Three methods of making membranes from hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers formed into polymer networks are provided, wherein according to at least two of the methods, the monomers may be substantially immiscible with one another.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]This disclosure broadly relates to, among other things, biocompatible synthetic membranes comprising intimately associated polymer networks that can provide controlled permeability for polar and apolar molecules and methods for synthesis of these membranes.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]A number of medical devices that function as implants in the body require a supply or flux of specific biochemicals from the tissue surrounding them for their function. One example of such a device is a type of implanted biochemical-specific sensor known as the “enzyme electrode,” which is used to monitor the bodily concentration of key metabolites such as glucose, lactate, and pyruvate. Information about the concentration of such metabolites can be of benefit in devising therapies for diseases in which these metabolites may play important roles. Certain sensors for these metabolites function on the basis of a chemical reaction between the dissolved, polar molecule of in...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): B01D53/22B01D39/00
CPCA61B5/14532A61B5/1486A61B5/14865B01D69/02B01D69/125C12Q1/006B01D71/76B01D2323/30B01D2325/36B01D2325/38B01D69/141B01D69/1411
Inventor GOUGH, DAVID A.LUCISANO, JOSEPH Y.LIN, JOE T.TSAY, HWAI-MINLIM, DRAHOSLAV
Owner RGT UNIV OF CALIFORNIA
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