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Multilayer material based on active lithium, method of preparation and applications in electrochemical generators

a multi-layer material and active lithium technology, applied in the field of multi-layer materials based on active lithium, can solve the problems of increasing the cost of industrial equipment, increasing the complexity of the industrial level, and requiring more complicated and costly devices

Inactive Publication Date: 2009-11-12
HYDRO QUEBEC CORP
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0014]A multilayer material of the invention, when incorporated in an electrochemical battery as an anode, has excellent impedance stability, with no formation of dendrites during cycling.

Problems solved by technology

On the other hand, during the charging of high current lithium batteries, in which the lithium is electrodeposited, a potential formation of dendrites on the lithium surface may occur fairly rapidly after a few cycles of use.
However, it requires operation under vacuum for the deposition of the protective layer and of the lithium layer, demanding more complicated and more costly devices at the industrial level.

Method used

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  • Multilayer material based on active lithium, method of preparation and applications in electrochemical generators
  • Multilayer material based on active lithium, method of preparation and applications in electrochemical generators
  • Multilayer material based on active lithium, method of preparation and applications in electrochemical generators

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

[0127]A half-cell is prepared consisting of a current collector, a cathode material and a solid polymer electrolyte SPE.

[0128]The cathode material consists of LiV3O8, a polyether binder, LiTFSI and a high specific surface area carbon. The cathode has a thickness of 45 μm.

[0129]The electrolyte SPE consists of a solution of LiTFSi in a polyether type of polymer, and its thickness is between 20 and 30 μm.

[0130]A film of metal lithium having a thickness of 250 μm is obtained by extrusion, and then manually laminated with a jeweler's roll mill for 2 seconds. A lithium film having a thickness of 55 μm is thus obtained, with a passivation film on its furnace of which the thickness is 25 Å.

[0131]This film is extremely sticky and adheres to the assembly on the LiV3O8 / SPE cell. The half-cell has an impedance of 6Ω, which is much lower, hence more advantageous, than the impedance of 12Ω of a cell containing a standard lithium film at the same measurement temperature of 60° C.

example 2

[0132]A film of methyl lithium having a thickness of 250 μm is obtained by extrusion. It is then laminated with a jeweler's roll mill, at ambient temperature for 2 seconds. A film of active lithium, having a thickness of 55 μm, is thus obtained, and it has a passivation layer having a thickness of 45 Å. This film was evaluated on the same day in an XPS analyzer. The thickness measured for the Li2O layer is 255 Å.

[0133]A film of active lithium which remained for one week in an anhydrous chamber has a Li2O layer having a thickness of 250 Å and a Li2CO3 layer having a thickness of 125 Å.

[0134]These values should be compared with those of the commercial lithium from FMC, in which the Li2O layer has a thickness of 400 Å and the Li2CO3 has a thickness of 150 μm.

example 3

[0135]A half-current collector / cathode material / SPE cell is prepared by the method of example 1.

[0136]A LIPON layer is deposited by sputtering on the SPE face of the half-cell, from a Li3PO4 target. It has a thickness of 900 nm and an adhesiveness, measured by ASTM method number D3359, of 5 / 5.

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Abstract

A method for preparing a multilayer material based on active lithium, by depositing a film of active lithium on a protective layer at a sufficient speed so that substantially no oxidation of the lithium occurs, and / or during a sufficient time for the adhesion of the lithium to develop after contact with the protective layer. The multilayer material, when incorporated in an electrochemical battery as an anode, has excellent impedance stability and no formation of dendrites during the cycling. Batteries where the anode is the multilayer material are particularly efficient in terms of their coulomb efficiency.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention relates to a method for preparing a multilayer material based on active lithium, a method for its preparation, and its use in electrochemical batteries.RELATED ART[0002]Lithium metal batteries in which the electrolyte is a polymer electrolyte have the advantage of supplying an energy density by weight and volume that is higher than that of Li-ion batteries, thanks to the capacitance of the lithium metal anode which is 3700 mAh / g. This value is 10 times higher than that of an anode based on graphite (LiC6) or 20 times higher than that of an anode of the titanium spinel (Li4Ti5O12) type.[0003]On the other hand, during the charging of high current lithium batteries, in which the lithium is electrodeposited, a potential formation of dendrites on the lithium surface may occur fairly rapidly after a few cycles of use. These dendrites may perforate the separator (in which the electrolyte is impregnated) and touch the cathode.[0004]One solut...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M4/38H01M4/58B05D5/12B32B15/04H01M4/04H01M4/131H01M4/136H01M4/1391H01M4/1397H01M4/50H01M4/505H01M4/52H01M4/525H01M10/052H01M10/0565H01M10/36
CPCC23C4/105C23C28/324C23C28/00H01M4/0407H01M4/131H01M4/1391H01M4/505H01M4/525H01M4/625H01M4/661H01M10/052H01M10/0565Y02E60/122C23C28/345C23C28/321C23C28/322C23C28/34H01M4/0402H01M4/366C23C8/10C23C4/11Y02E60/10Y02P70/50H01M4/04B32B15/04B32B37/00H01M10/05
Inventor ZAGUIB, KARIMDONTIGNY, MARTINPETITCLERC, MICHELGAUTHIER, MICHEL
Owner HYDRO QUEBEC CORP
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