Inverse Fluidization for Purifying Fluid Streams
a technology of fluid stream and inverse fluidization, which is applied in the direction of multi-stage water/sewage treatment, other chemical processes, separation processes, etc., can solve the problems of reducing efficiency from an energy standpoint, capacity and energy consumption, and adding to overall wastewater treatment costs, etc., to achieve low and constant pressure drop, high removal efficiency, and good mixing
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example 1
[0087]Different amounts of granules of Nanogel® were inversely fluidized in order to study inverse fluidization characteristics of this material. FIG. 6A is a photograph of inverse fluidized bed of 500-850 microns Nanogel® particles (sieved). FIG. 6B is a photograph of inverse fluidized bed of 2.3 mm Nanogel® particles (un-sieved).
[0088]The inversely fluidized bed pressure drop and bed expansion data were collected as a function of fluid velocity; these data are shown in FIGS. 7A through 7C and 8A through 8C, respectively. The data show typical behavior of liquid-solid fluidized beds characterized by a proportional increase in the bed pressure drop at fluid velocities below minimum fluidization velocity, a pressure drop plateau during full fluidization, a minimum fluidization velocity dependant on particle size, a pressure drop dependant on the amount of particles and a bed expansion that starts at the minimum fluidization velocity.
[0089]FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C indicate that the pressur...
example 2
[0092]Removal of oil from water was studied by injecting oil with a metering pump using an arrangement such as shown in FIG. 4. The oil was mixed with the water by using an in-line static mixer. Water samples, before and after the inverse fluidized bed, were taken for chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis. COD concentration was found by using the HACH colorimetric method. In these experiments, since oil was added to tap water, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was roughly proportional to the oil concentration in the water as shown in FIG. 5. Therefore COD levels were used as a reference of oil concentration.
[0093]In one case, 56 grams of Nanogel® granules with sizes from 500 to 850 microns were used to adsorb oil from water. The flow velocity was about 1.07 cm / s. The concentration of oil upstream the fluidized bed was about 450 mg of oil / l of water.
[0094]As shown in FIG. 9, the inverse fluidized bed of Nanogel® is very effective in removing oil from water. There was at least a one or...
example 3
[0098]In another case, 108 grams of Nanogel® granules with sizes from 500 to 850 microns were used to adsorb oil from water. The flow velocity was about 1.02 cm / s. The concentration of oil upstream the fluidized bed was about 470 mg of oil per kg (liter) of water.
[0099]As shown in FIG. 10, the inverse fluidized bed of Nanogel® was very effective on removing oil from water with a reduction in COD concentration from 1400 mg / l down to 40 mg / l, which implies a 97% removal.
[0100]The bed height was also monitored during the removal of oil from water by the inverse fluidized bed as also shown in FIG. 10. It can be clearly seen that the bed reduces as a consequence of the saturation of some of the Nanogel® granules with oil. In this case, because of the initial taller height of the fluidized bed (more particles were used thus increasing the initial bed height), there was an oil concentration gradient, with more oil at the top. This gradient makes particles at the top saturate faster than pa...
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Abstract
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