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Cd4-mimetic inhibitors of hiv-1 entry and methods of use thereof

a technology of mimic inhibitors and inhibitors, applied in the direction of amide active ingredients, biocide, organic chemistry, etc., can solve the problems of refractory problems, difficult capture in small-molecule scaffolds, and inability to successfully integrate electrostatic interactions into nbd small-molecule design, etc., to inhibit transmission or progression

Active Publication Date: 2014-11-27
THE TRUSTEES OF THE UNIV OF PENNSYLVANIA +2
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The invention relates to certain compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates. These compounds have various biological activities, including inhibiting the activity of certain proteins and enzymes. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods for using them to treat various diseases and disorders. The technical effects of the invention include providing new compounds with improved biological activities and methods for their use in treating diseases and disorders.

Problems solved by technology

Thus, an essential component of the gp120-CD4 hotspot, the Asp368gp120-Arg59CD4 electrostatic interaction has not been successfully integrated into NBD small-molecule design.
However, the problem remains refractory, as the spatial arrangement between the NBD Region II stem and Asp368gp120 is near 90 degrees, a trajectory difficult to capture in small-molecule scaffolds.

Method used

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  • Cd4-mimetic inhibitors of hiv-1 entry and methods of use thereof
  • Cd4-mimetic inhibitors of hiv-1 entry and methods of use thereof
  • Cd4-mimetic inhibitors of hiv-1 entry and methods of use thereof

Examples

Experimental program
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example 1

Molecular Design and Synthesis

[0234]Analysis of the crystal structure of TS-II-224 (2) (FIG. 1) and NBD-556 bound to gp120 provided the opportunity to design small-molecule interactions with the Asp368 12o hotspot in the vestibule of the Phe43 cavity. Kwon, Y. D., et al. Submitted to PNAS (2011). The TS-II-224 crystal structure (FIG. 1 and FIG. 5d) indicated the close proximity of the C4 linker on the Region III tetramethylpiperidine with the carboxylate side-chain of Asp368gp120. Rather than performing systematic synthetic modifications of the tetramethylpiperidine moiety, a virtual screening strategy was chosen to identify a replacement moiety for Region III that would contain a basic amine oriented towards Asp368gp120. Hence, an analogue possessing a primary amine attached to C4 of the tetramethylpiperidine was constructed in silico. While the diamine (FIG. 1a) is not a chemically stable entity, it was used as an archetype to replicate desired interactions. The prototype was asse...

example 2

AWS-I-169 (9) and DMJ-I-228 (10) Inhibit Viral Infection and Compete with CD4

[0236]To evaluate anti-viral activity of the novel compounds, indanes analogues (3-10) and TS-II-224 (2) were first tested in mono-tropic (isolates that infect cells expressing CD4 / CCR5 or CD4 / CXCR4) and dual-tropic (isolates that infect cells expressing CD4 / CCR5 and CD4 / CXCR4) HIV-1 strains in single-round infection of recombinant HIV-1 encoding firefly luciferase. The recombinant viruses employed were pseudotyped with HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins derived from either an X4, laboratory-adapted HXBc2 isolate, or the R5, primary YU2 isolate. As a control for specificity, the viruses were pseudotyped with the envelope glycoproteins of the amphotropic murine leukemia virus (A-MLV), an unrelated retrovirus. Notably, in the case of both mono-tropic (HXBc2) and dual tropic (89.6 and KB9) viruses, AWS-I-169 (9) and DMJ-I-228 (10) inhibited entry on cells co-expressing CD4 and CXCR4 (FIG. 9 and FIG. 10) with the IC5...

example 3

DMJ-I-228 (10) Displays a Thermodynamic Signature Resembling Small Molecule Binding

[0238]Analogue binding to full-length gp120 from the YU2 strain was next characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the enthalpic and entropic contributions to binding affinity (FIG. 7 and FIG. 3c). Analogue TS-II-224 (2) binds to gp120 with a Kd of 0.33 μM at 25° C., FIG. 7. Although the 1,2-diaminoindane analogues [AWS-I-45 (7) and AWS-I-50 (8)] exhibit a three-fold loss in affinity, both AWS-I-169 (9) and DMJ-I-228 (10) bind with comparable affinity to TS-II-224 (2). As previously reported, the binding of CD4 to gp120 at 25° C. is associated with an enthalpy change of −34.5 kcal / mol that is partially compensated by a large unfavorable entropy change of −79 cal / (K×mol) and a change in heat capacity (ΔCp) of −1,800 cal / (K×mol). Schön, A. et al. Biochemistry 45, 10973-80 (2006). Such a binding event has the thermodynamic signature that resembles protein folding, rather than binding, a...

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Abstract

Described herein are small-molecule mimics of CD4, which both enter the Phe43 cavity and target Asp368 of gp120, the HIV-1 envelope protein. Also described herein are methods of using these compounds to inhibit the transmission or progression of HIV infection. These compounds exhibit antiviral potency greater than that of a known antiviral, NBD-556, with 100% breadth against clade B and C viruses. Importantly, the compounds do not activate HIV infection of CD4-negative, CCR5-positive cells, in contrast to NBD-556.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 570,536, filed on Dec. 14, 2011; the entire content of said application is incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference.GOVERNMENT SUPPORT[0002]This invention was made with government support under Grant GM 56550 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The U.S. government has certain rights in the invention. This statement is included solely to comply with 37 C.F.R. §401.14(a)(f)(4) and should not be taken as an assertion or admission that the application discloses and / or claims only one invention.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]Targeting the early phase of HIV-1 infection, including virus entry, as a prophylactic modality is a focus of intense research. HIV-1 entry involves a series of events that include attachment to the host cell and fusion of the viral and target cell membranes. HIV-1 entry is mediated by the viral spike, which is composed of three gp120 envelope...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C07C279/16C07C237/06
CPCC07C237/06C07C279/16C07D233/88C07D235/02C07D235/06C07D271/07C07D207/335C07D207/34C07D209/88C07D209/94C07D307/52C07C279/12C07C233/56C07C237/22C07C2601/14C07C2602/08A61K31/185A61K31/167
Inventor SODROSKI, JOSEPHLALONDE, JUDITH M.SMITH, III, AMOS B.KWONG, PETER D.KWON, YOUNG DOJONES, DAVID M.SUN, ALEXANDER W.COURTER, JOEL R.SOETA, TAKAHIROKOBAYASHI, TOYOHARUPRINCIOTTO, AMY M.WU, XUELINGMASCOLA, JOHN R.SCHON, AMEFREIRE, EMESTOMADANI, NAVIDLE-KHAC, MATTHEWHENDRICKSON, WAYNE A.
Owner THE TRUSTEES OF THE UNIV OF PENNSYLVANIA
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